Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <pb pagenum="178"/>
            <figure number="100"/>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>A—ERECT TIMBER. B—AXLE. C—SWEEP WHICH TURNS ABOUT THE AXLE. D—PISTON
                <lb/>
              ROD. E—CROSS-BAR. F—RING WITH WHICH TWO PIPES ARE GENERALLY JOINED.
                <lb/>
              an iron axle, so fastened in the holes in the fork that it remains fixed, and
                <lb/>
              the sweep turns on this axle. </s>
              <s>In one end of the sweep the upper end of a
                <lb/>
              piston-rod is fastened with an iron key; at the other end a cross-bar is also
                <lb/>
              fixed, to the extreme ends of which are handles to enable it to be held more
                <lb/>
              firmly in the hands. </s>
              <s>And so when the workman pulls the cross-bar upward,
                <lb/>
              he forces the piston into the pipe; when he pushes it down again he draws
                <lb/>
              the piston out of the pipe; and thus the piston carries up the water which
                <lb/>
              has been drawn in at the openings of the disc, and the water flows away through
                <lb/>
              the spout into the drains. </s>
              <s>This pump, like the next one, is identical with
                <lb/>
              the first in all that relates to the piston, disc, trunk, box, and valve.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The third pump is not unlike the one just described, but in place of
                <lb/>
              one upright, posts are erected with holes at the top, and in these holes the
                <lb/>
              ends of an axle revolve. </s>
              <s>To the middle of this axle are fixed two wooden
                <lb/>
              bars, to the end of one of which is fixed the piston, and to the end of the
                <lb/>
              other a heavy piece of wood, but short, so that it can pass between the two
                <lb/>
              posts and may move backward and forward. </s>
              <s>When the workman pushes
                <lb/>
              this piece of wood, the piston is drawn out of the pipe; when it returns by its </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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