Alberti, Leone Battista, Architecture, 1755

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              <s>
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              a Space of Ground in ſome ſecure and not un­
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              frequented Part of the City, and fortify it with
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              Towers and Galleries. </s>
              <s>From this Wall in­
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              wards the Apartments where the Priſoners are
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              to be confined, let there be an open Walk
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              about four Foot and an half wide, where the
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              Keepers may take their Rounds every Night
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              to prevent any Eſcapes by Conſpiracy among the
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              Priſoners. </s>
              <s>The Space remaining in the Mid­
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              dle of this Circuit divide in the following Man­
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              ner. </s>
              <s>Inſtead of a Veſtibule make a good plea­
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              ſant Hall, where thoſe may be inſtructed who
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              are ſent thither in order to be forced to learn
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              how to demean themſelves. </s>
              <s>Next to this Hall,
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              make Habitations for the Goalers and Places
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              for them to keep guard in, within an Encloſure
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              of Lattices and Croſs-bars. </s>
              <s>Next let there be
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              an open Court, with Porticoes on each Side of
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              it, with Windows in them, through which you
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              may ſee into all the Cells within; in which
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              Cells Bankrupts and Debtors are to be confin­
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              ed, not all together, but in different Apart­
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              ments. </s>
              <s>In the Front of this Court there muſt
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              be a cloſer Priſon, for ſuch as are guilty of
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              ſmall Offences, and beyond that a Place where
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              Priſoners for capital Crimes may be confined
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              with yet greater Strictneſs and Privacy.</s>
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            <p type="head">
              <s>CHAP. XIV.</s>
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              <s>
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              Of private Houſes and their Differences; as alſo of the Country Houſe, and
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              the Rules to be obſerved in its Situation and Structure.
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              </s>
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              <s>I now come to treat of private Edifices. </s>
              <s>I
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              have already obſerved elſewhere, that a
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              Houſe is a little City. </s>
              <s>We are therefore in the
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              building of it, to have an Eye almoſt to every
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              Thing that relates to the Building of a City;
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              that it be healthy, furniſhed with all Manner
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              of Neceſſaries, not defficient in any of the Con­
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              veniencies that conduce to the Repoſe, Tran­
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              quility or Delicacy of Life. </s>
              <s>What thoſe are
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              and how they are to be obtained, I think I have
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              already, in a great Meaſure, ſhewn in the pre­
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              ceding Books. </s>
              <s>However, as the Occaſion here
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              is different, we ſhall conſider them over again
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              in the following Manner. </s>
              <s>A private Houſe is
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              manifeſtly deſigned for the Uſe of a Family,
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              to which it ought to be a uſeful and conveni­
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              ent Abode. </s>
              <s>It will not be ſo convenient as it
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              ought, if it has not every Thing within itſelf
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              that the Family has Occaſion for. </s>
              <s>There is a
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              great Number of Perſons and Things in a Fa­
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              mily, which you cannot diſtribute as you would
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              in a City ſo well as you can in the Country.
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              </s>
              <s>In building a Houſe in Town, your Neigh­
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              bour's Wall, a common Gutter, a publick
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              Square or Street, and the like, ſhall all hinder
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              you from contriving it juſt to your own Mind;
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              which is not ſo in the Country, where you have
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              as much Freedom as you have Obſtruction in
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              Town. </s>
              <s>For this, and other Reaſons, there­
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              fore, I ſhall diſtinguiſh the Matter thus: That
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              the Habitation for a private Perſon muſt be
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              different in Town from what it is in the Coun­
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              try. </s>
              <s>In both theſe there muſt again be a Dif­
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              ference between thoſe which are for the meaner
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              Sort of Citizens, and thoſe which are for the
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              Rich. </s>
              <s>The meaner Sort build only for Ne­
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              ceſſity; but the Rich for Pleaſure and Delight.
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              </s>
              <s>I ſhall ſet down ſuch Rules as the Modeſty of
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              the wiſeſt Men may approve of in all Sorts of
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              Buildings, and for that Purpoſe ſhall begin
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              with thoſe which are moſt eaſy. </s>
              <s>Habitations
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              in the Country are the freeſt from all Obſtruc­
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              tions, and therefore People are more inclined to
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              beſtow their Expence in the Country than in
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              Town. </s>
              <s>We ſhall therefore firſt take a Review
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              of ſome Obſervations which we have already
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              made, and which are very material with Re­
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              lation to the chief Uſes of a Country Houſe.
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              </s>
              <s>They are as follows: We ſhould carefully avoid
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              a bad Air and an ill Soil. </s>
              <s>We ſhould build
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              in the Middle of an open Champian, under the
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              Shelter of ſome Hill, where there is Plenty of
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              Water, and pleaſant Proſpects, and in the
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              healthieſt Part of a healthy Country. </s>
              <s>A heavy
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              unhealthy Air is ſaid to be occaſioned not on­
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              ly by thoſe Inconveniencies which we mention­
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              ed in the firſt Book, but alſo by thick Woods,
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              eſpecially if they are full of Trees with bitter
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              Leaves; becauſe the Air in ſuch Places being
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              not kept in Motion either by Sun or Winds,
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              wants its due Concoction; it is alſo occaſioned
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              by a barren and unwholſome Soil, which will
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              never produce any Thing but Woods. </s>
              <s>A
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              Country Houſe ought to ſtand in ſuch a Place
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              as may lie moſt convenient for the Owner's
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              Houſe in Town.
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Xenophon
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              would have a Man </s>
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