Alberti, Leone Battista, Architecture, 1755

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            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb xlink:href="003/01/119.jpg" pagenum="101"/>
              go to his Country Houſe on Foot, for the Sake
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              of Exerciſe, and return on Horſeback. </s>
              <s>It ought
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              not therefore to lie far from the City, and the
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              Way to it ſhould be both good and clear, ſo as
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              he may go it either in Summer or Winter, either
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              in a Coach, or on Foot, and if poſſible by
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              Water. </s>
              <s>It will be alſo very convenient to have
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              your Way to it lie through a Gate of the City
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              that is not far from your Town Houſe, but as
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              near it as may be, that you may go backwards
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              and forwards from Town to Country, and from
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              Country to Town, with your Wife and Fami­
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              ly, as often as you pleaſe, without being too
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              much obſerved by the People, or being obliged
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              in the leaſt to conſult your Dreſs. </s>
              <s>It is not
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              amiſs to have a Villa ſo placed, that when you
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              go to it in a Morning the Rays of the riſing
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              Sun may not be troubleſome to your Eyes, nor
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              thoſe of the ſetting Sun in the Evening when
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              you return to the City. </s>
              <s>Neither ſhould a Coun­
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              try Houſe ſtand in a remote, deſart, mean Cor­
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              ner, diſtant from a reaſonable Neighbourhood:
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              but in a Situation where you may have Peo­
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              ple to converſe with, drawn to the ſame Place
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              by the Fruitfulneſs of the Soil, the Pleaſantneſs
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              of the Air, the Plentifulneſs of the Country,
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              the Sweetneſs of the Fields, and the Security of
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              the Neighbourhood. </s>
              <s>Nor ſhould a Villa be
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              ſeated in a Place of too much Reſort, near ad­
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              joyning either to the City, or any great Road,
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              or to a Port where great Numbers of Veſſels
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              and Boats are continually putting in; but in
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              ſuch a Situation, as though none of thoſe Plea­
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              ſures may be wanting, yet your Family may
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              not be eternally moleſted with the Viſits of
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              Strangers and Paſſengers. </s>
              <s>The Ancients ſay
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              that in windy Places Things are never ſpoilt
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              by Ruſt or Mildew; but in moiſt Places, and
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              low Vallies, where the Winds have not a free
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              Courſe, they are very much expoſed to them.
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              </s>
              <s>I cannot approve of one general Rule which is
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              laid down for all Places, namely, that a Coun­
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              try Houſe ought to be built ſo as to look to­
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              wards the riſing of the Sun when it is in the
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              Equinox: For nothing can be ſaid relating to
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              the Sun and Winds but what muſt alter accord­
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              ing to the Difference of the Climate, ſince the
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              North Wind is not light and the South un­
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              healthy in all Places.
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Celſus,
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              the Phyſician,
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              very well obſerved that all Winds which blow
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              from the Sea, are groſſer than thoſe which
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              blow over Land, which are always lighter.
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              </s>
              <s>Upon this Account of the Winds we ought to
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              avoid the Mouths of all Vallies, becauſe in ſuch
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              Places the Winds are too cold if they come in
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              the Night, or too hot, if in the Day, being
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              over-heated by the too great Reflection of the
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              Sun's Rays.</s>
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            <p type="head">
              <s>CHAP. XV.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              That Country Houſes are of two Sorts; the proper Diſpoſition of all their
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              Members whether for the Lodging of Men, Animals, or Tools of Agricul­
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              ture and other neceſſary Inſtruments.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>But as of Habitations in the Country ſome
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              are deſigned for Gentlemen, others for
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              Huſbandmen, ſome invented for Uſe, others
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              perhaps for Pleaſure; we ſhall begin with thoſe
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              which belong to Husbandmen. </s>
              <s>The Habita­
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              tions of theſe ought not to be far from their
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              Maſter's Houſe, that he may be at Hand to
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              over-look them every now and then, to ſee
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              what they are doing, and what Orders it is
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              neceſſary for him to give. </s>
              <s>The peculiar Buſi­
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              neſs of theſe Structures is for the getting in,
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              ordering and preſerving the Fruits of the Earth:
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              Unleſs you will ſay that this laſt Office, name­
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              ly, of preſerving the Grain, belongs rather to
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              the Houſe of the Maſter, and even rather to his
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              Houſe in the City than to that in the Country.
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              </s>
              <s>This Buſineſs is to be done by a Number of
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              Hands and a good Quantity of Tools, but moſt
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              of all by the Diligence and Induſtry of the
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              Farmer or Overſeer. </s>
              <s>The Ancients comput­
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              ed the neceſſary Family of a Farmer to be
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              about fifteen Perſons; for theſe therefore you
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              muſt have convenient Places where they may
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              warm themſelves when they are cold, or retire
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              for Shelter when they are driven from their
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              Labour by foul Weather, where they may eat
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              their Meals, reſt themſelves and prepare the
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              Things they will want in their Buſineſs. </s>
              <s>Make
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              therefore a large Kitchen, not obſcure, nor li­
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              able to Danger from Fire, with an Oven, Stove,
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              Pump and Sink. </s>
              <s>Beyond the Kitchen let there
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              be a Room where the better Sort among your
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              People may lie, and a Larder for preſerving all
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              Sorts of Proviſions for daily Uſe. </s>
              <s>Let all the </s>
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