Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004559">
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              tur: argentum viuum ex craſiſſima, & pa­
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              rum elaborata: metalla ex miſta, & à calo­
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              re temperatiore. </s>
              <s id="s.004560">Quòd ſi vir atque mulier
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              & mola ex eodem fiant ſanguine, & eodem
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              in loco, attamen non neceſſe eſt, imò ne­
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              que poſſibile, ex altero alterum generari.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004561">Non enim quæ ex eiſdem generantur poſt­
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              quam genita fuerint, neceſſe eſt poſſe inui­
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              cem commutari: quare & ſi metalla omnia
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              ex eiſdem generentur ſubſtantiis, & argen­
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              tum viuum ac ſulphur, non tamen neceſſe
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              eſt, aut poſſibile ex altero fieri alterum: niſi
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              fortè cùm ambo ſpecie
                <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>
              differunt, ſed ſolis
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              accidentibus, vt de ære & ferro dictum eſt.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg624"/>
              </s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004562">
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              Chymiſtæ
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              quid poſſint.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004563">Ergo chymiſtæ poſſunt mutare colorem
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              ac pondus, ſubtilitatem autem & firmita­
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              tem mutare nequeunt. </s>
              <s id="s.004564">Cùm igitur ſubtili­
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              tatis experimentum operoſum ſit atque am­
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              biguum, maluerunt aurum igne experiri,
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              eſtque hoc certum huius rei argumentum.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004565">Id verò apertum eſt, quòd ſi argentum in
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              aurum conuerti debeat, ab aqua efficaci in
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              lutum prius conuerti oportere, inde lutum
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              in aurum tranſire poteſt.
                <arrow.to.target n="marg625"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004566">
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              Argentum
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              viuum auro
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              proximius
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              quàm ar­
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              gento.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004567">Sed argentum viuum auro proximius eſſe
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              videtur quàm argento: nam auro ſimile eſt
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              pondere & tenuitate, argento autem colore
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              ſolo ab vtriſque differt, quòd fluit, & igni­
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              bus euaneſcit: ob id vt argentum euadat,
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              quatuor neceſſaria erunt, vt firmetur, vt
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              leuius euadat, & craſſioris ſubſtantiæ. </s>
              <s id="s.004568">Vt ve­
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              rò argentum viuum in aurum tranſmutetur,
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              neceſſarium eſt, vt firmetur, ignibuſque re­
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              ſiſtat, & tingatur. </s>
              <s id="s.004569">Hæc autem longè cùm
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              ſint faciliora his quæ ad tranſmutationem
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              in argentum neceſſaria erant, fit vt multi
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              magis ſperauerint permutationem argenti
                <arrow.to.target n="marg626"/>
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              viui, hydrargyrion Græci vocant, in aurum,
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              quàm argentum. </s>
              <s id="s.004570">Quod videtur aſſecutus
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              pharmacopolla ille Taruiſinus, qui coram
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              Principe, & ſapientibus reipublicæ Venetæ,
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              argentum viuum in aurum commutauit, cu­
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              ius miraculi quædam adhuc extant veſtigia.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004571">Sed quomodocunque id contigerit, certum
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              eſt argentum viuum non poſſe in aurum,
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              multóque minus in argentum commutari.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg627"/>
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              Argentum verò tametſi æs colore, plumbum
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              pondere, auro proximiora ſint, attamen
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              tenuitate ſubſtantiæ & puritate, & firmitate
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              auro ſimile adeò eſt, vt optimum argentum
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              ſit aurum ſubſtantia imperfectum, & colore
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              deficiens: ob idque longis temporum pe­
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              riodis, ſi purum ſit argentum, aliqua ex par­
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              te commutatur in aurum, vt etiam vetuſta­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg628"/>
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              te plumbum nigrum in argentum. </s>
              <s id="s.004572">Si tamen
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              exquiſitiſſimè ab ære ac plumbo argenti ſe­
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              mina tollantur, argentum non generabitur
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              vllis ſeculis, neque ex argento aurum.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg629"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004573">
                <margin.target id="marg626"/>
              Experimen­
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              tum mirum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004574">
                <margin.target id="marg627"/>
              Argenti na­
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              tura.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004575">
                <margin.target id="marg628"/>
              Metallorum
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              commutatio.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004576">
                <margin.target id="marg629"/>
              Metallorum
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              amicitia.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004577">Inde etiam metallorum amicitia: nam au­
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              rum & argentum plumbum nigrum dili­
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              gunt, & cùm liquantur immiſcentur plum­
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              bo: æs autem refugit plumbum, & tam
                <expan abbr="aurũ">aurum</expan>
                <lb/>
              quàm argentum edit plumbum album, ſeu
                <lb/>
              illud mauis ſtannum appellare: modò enim
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              certa res oculis ſubiiciatur, nominibus pro
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              arbitrio vti liceat. </s>
              <s id="s.004578">Itaque cùm plumbum al­
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              bum liquatur, nigro & argento ſupernatat,
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              criſpante vnda in fornacibus, atque ſic bacu­
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              lis ferreis ſolet extrahi. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004579">Illud magis mirum, quòd plumbum ni­
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              grum argento, dum fuſum eſt, ſupernatet,
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              quamuis grauius: atque ea ratione plumbum
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              effundunt ſupernatans, & argentum ſubſi­
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              ſtens in imo colligunt vaſis. </s>
              <s id="s.004580">Cauſa huius eſt,
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              quòd plumbum licet dum concretum eſt
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              grauius fit argento, dum tamen liquatur, te­
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              nuius redditur, cùm in fumum tranſire pa­
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              ratum ſit, atque perpetuò euaneſcat: argen­
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              tum verò cùm igne non abſumatur, neque
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              etiam attenuatur: ſi enim attenuaretur, &
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              vt abſumeretur prorſus neceſſe foret. </s>
              <s id="s.004581">Igitur
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              cùm plumbi ſubſtantia media ſit inter pro­
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              priam ac fumi, argenti autem eadem quæ
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              ante colliquationem, nihil mirum eſt plum­
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              bum liquatum argento liquato ſupernatare.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004582">Plumbum verò album duplici ratione etiam
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              ſupernatabit: nam & ipſum abſumitur igne,
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              & leuius eſt nigro, quare non ſolùm argen­
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              to, ſed & plumbo nigro album ſuperſtat. </s>
              <s id="s.004583">In­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg631"/>
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              de ſeparatio metallorum inuenta effunditur
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              plumblum nigrum prius albo detracto, ni­
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              grum autem æs ac ferrum ſecum trahit, nec
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              exquiſitè effunditur, ne argentum ſecum ela­
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              batur: quicquid autem reliquum eſt plum­
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              bi, pòſtquàm maxima pars effuſa fuerit, igni­
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              bus abſumitur. </s>
              <s id="s.004584">Inde argentum manet, & ſi
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              quid auri ineſt argento immiſtum, quod
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              vt
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              dixi
                <emph type="italics"/>
              )
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              aqua ſeparationis, vel alia propoſita ſu­
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              perius ratione ab argento ſeparatur. </s>
              <s id="s.004585">Plum­
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              bum verò quod effuſum eſt denuò excutitur
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              vt quid argenti contineat, pereatque tantum
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              lucrum artifici. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004586">
                <margin.target id="marg630"/>
              Plumbum
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              ſupernai at
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              argento, cam
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              ſit grauius
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              tamen.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004587">
                <margin.target id="marg631"/>
              Separatio
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              metallorum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004588">Æs autem à plumbo ſeparatur, vt rectè
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg632"/>
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              doceat Vannocius Biringutius Senenſis in
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              ſua pyrotechna, impoſita maſſa ſuper crati­
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              culam ferream atque igne circundata: nam
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              facilè plumbum liqueſcit, ſecumque ducit
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              aurum & argentum, ſi quid eorum plumbo
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              in hæreat, atque æs quaſi aduſtum inter cine­
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              res relinquitur. </s>
              <s id="s.004589">Hoc igitur ignibus admo­
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              tum validioribus repurgato metallo à ſordi­
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              bus, dum fuerit colliquatum, in maſſam co­
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              ge, æſque puriſſimum habebis. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004590">
                <margin.target id="marg632"/>
              Lib.3.c.5.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004591">Cæterùm pleraque metalla arte aliqua
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg633"/>
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              vertuntur in aquam: nam vrere oportet.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.004592">Vruntur celerius & commodius
                <expan abbr="auripigmẽ-to">auripigmen­
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                to</expan>
              addito, vſta & in calcis ſpeciem redacta,
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              ſiccantur diligenter, inde vaſe vitreo clauſa
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              optimè, aut in terra ad tres paſſus humida
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              defodiuntur per menſem, aut ſuſpenduntur
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              ſuper vas aqua plenum feruente per horas
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              24. ita vt perpetuò ebulliat: abſit ab aqua
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              duorum tantùm, aut trium digitorum ſpatio:
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              par eſt autem quod ex aqua genitum fuit in
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              aquam reuerti, ſed aurum & argentum vix
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              in aquam tranſeunt, ob ſubſtantiæ, velut di­
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              ctum eſt ſoliditatem. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.004593">
                <margin.target id="marg633"/>
              Metallica
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              quomodo in
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              aquam ver­
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              tantur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.004594">Argentum verò quatuor modis oritur aut
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg634"/>
                <lb/>
              in terra, quæ iguibus coacta illud reddit,
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              vel plumbo, atque æri immiſtum, vel in
                <lb/>
              lapidibus, quæ ſimiliter igne vexata illud
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              emittunt: plerunque etiam cupro permi­
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              ſtum, vt in Alſatia iuxta Rhenum, in mon­
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              tibus ſanctæ Annæ, ac Miſnenſibus, ibi enim
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              lapides cupro prægnantes, & in cupro ar­
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              genti mira copia: vel in lapidibus purum, ac
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              quaſi herba quædam virgulis è lapide or­
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              tum habentibus quale apud me eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.004595">Ego, quod </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
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