Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005405">
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              vt plurimum tranſeunt in calcem. </s>
              <s id="s.005406">Norim­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg778"/>
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              bergenſis è fodina extractus dureſcit, cum
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              reliqua eius genera potiùs frangantur. </s>
              <s id="s.005407">Eſt &
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              lapis marmori natura ſimilis, quippe quòd
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              ſectilis ſit, ſed coloris cinerei, & mollitiei
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              incredibilis, vnde ferra, non ſecus ac li­
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              gnum ſecatur ad opera. </s>
              <s id="s.005408">Copia eius in regio­
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              ne Veneta. </s>
              <s id="s.005409">Sed ob coloris obſcuritatem, &
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              quia nitorem non admittit ad ſilicem refer­
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              ri poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.005410">Propria enim omni ſilici ſunt, ſqua­
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              moſum eſſe, nec leue perfectè, vt marmori
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              nitor, & quòd ſecari poſſit. </s>
              <s id="s.005411">Huic autem la­
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              pidi pars vna ex vtroque deeſt: non nitet,
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              ideò marmor non eſt: ſquamis caret, ideò
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              non eſt ſilex.
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              </s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005412">
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              Silex & eius
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              differentiæ.</s>
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            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005413">
                <margin.target id="marg778"/>
              Marmor ſe­
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              ctile.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005414">
                <margin.target id="marg779"/>
              Saxa ſex
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              generum.</s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005415">Cæterorum lapidum nomen vnum ſaxum
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              ſit, genera autem ſex: a proprietate vnum
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              vt magnetis ſumptum: à viribus, vt calamo­
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              chus: à colore, vt amochryſos: pictura vt
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              alabandicus: forma vt trochites: ignium, vel
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              aquarum reſiſtentiæ nobilitate, vt magneſia.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.005416">Igitur à primo genere incipiemus.
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              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.005417">
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              Magnetis
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              genera.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.005418">Magnes, ſeu lapis Herculeus duorum aut
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              trium generum eſſe videtur: nam ex eo fer­
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              rugineum eſt, & candidum: & quod candi­
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              dum, eſt diſtinctum leuibus, ac tenuibus fer­
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              rugineis venis, quòd tamen fermè vndequa­
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              que eſt leue. </s>
              <s id="s.005419">Ferruginei generis magnes
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              duas habet primò vires, nullis fermè ſecu­
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              lis incognitas: trahit enim ferrum, & illitum
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              magnete. </s>
              <s id="s.005420">ferrum aliud trahit ferum, adeò vt
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              quandoque contigerit magnetem
                <expan abbr="quinq;">quinque</expan>
              aut
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                <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>
              plures annulos perpetua ſucceſſione tra­
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              here Poſt ætatem
                <expan abbr="illã">illam</expan>
              vetuſtiſſimam Ariſto­
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              telis æuo, ſi quid Alberto credendum eſt, in­
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              notuit magnetis duo eſſe genera, alterum
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              quod ferrum ad Boream dirigit, reliquum
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              autem quod ad Auſtrum. </s>
              <s id="s.005421">Hoc autem modo
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              res ſe habet. </s>
              <s id="s.005422">Affricatur magneti ferrum te­
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              nue in cuſpide, inde ſuſpenditur in æquili­
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              brio, tum circumuoluitur ferrum ſpontè, ſi­
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              cut cuſpis Boream, aut Auſtrum reſpiciat.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.005423">Iam ergo hæc quatuor nota antiquo fuêre
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              tempore. </s>
              <s id="s.005424">Sed & illud cognitum eſt Alberti
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              ætate Magnetis eſſe genus quod vocant
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              Theamedem, adnatum ipſi Magneti, quòd
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              abigat ferrum. </s>
              <s id="s.005425">Sed & illud, quòd à ferro
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              etiam Magnes trahitur, quodque virtus
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              eius corpora penetrat, vt interpoſita tabula
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              etiam ferrum ad ſe alliciat. </s>
              <s id="s.005426">Ergo plurima,
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              vt mos eſt, iamdiu fuêre cognita, quæ non
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              panci noſtro tempore inuenta exiſtimauêre:
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              nam pyxidis nauticæ rationem cuidam Fla­
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              uio tribuunt, quam conſtat cognitam ſal­
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              tem ante Alberti Magni ætatem. </s>
              <s id="s.005427">Eius enim
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              ille meminit non tamen Ariſtoteli pyxidis
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              vſum notum fuiſſe crediderim. </s>
              <s id="s.005428">Aut quòd
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              fetrum ad Boream dirigat, cùm Galenus &
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                <expan abbr="Alexãder">Alexander</expan>
              Aphrodiſrenſis, qui nullum, naturæ
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg782"/>
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                <expan abbr="miraculũ">miraculum</expan>
              tametſi leue prętermiſerunt, harum
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              rerum adeò admirabilium & vtilium haud
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              meminerint. </s>
              <s id="s.005429">Conſtat etiam tempore Roma­
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              norum hæc fuiſſe ignota, tot naufragiis ob
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              hanc cauſam illis ſubeuntibus: vnde non
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              ſemel attritæ vires, dum aduerſus Pœnos
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              dimicant, & Octauij claſſis diſiecta ad­
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              uerſus Sex. </s>
              <s id="s.005430">Pompeium. </s>
              <s id="s.005431">Ergo iam vires de­
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              nuò ferruginei magnetis aggrediamur, in­
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              de rationes explicemus, initio ab experi­
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              mento facto. </s>
              <s id="s.005432">Magnes igitur ferrum trahit,
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              trahit & chalybem. </s>
              <s id="s.005433">Refert & Hieronymus
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              Fracaſtoreus vidiſſe quòd
                <expan abbr="argẽtum">argentum</expan>
              traheret:
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              generaliter autem argentum haud quaquam
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              trahit. </s>
              <s id="s.005434">Cauſa cur ferrum trahat eſt, quo­
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              niam illius eſt pabulum: nam ( vt dixi ) la­
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              pides viuunt: ob id etiam optimè in ſcobe
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              ferri ſeruatur. </s>
              <s id="s.005435">Quid mirum eſt igitur cha­
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              lybem, in quo maxima pars ferrum eſt,
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              trahi? </s>
              <s id="s.005436">Sed & ferrum ſi à magnete tangatur
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              priùs faciliùs trahitur: argentum verò vel
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              ferri aliquid continuit, vel genus erat aliud
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              magnetis, de quo, vt mihi incognita, ver­
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              ba facere non decreui. </s>
              <s id="s.005437">Attamen hoc no­
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              ſtris ſatisfacit principiis, argentum & re­
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              liqua metalla à valido lapide ſi ferri quic­
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              quam contineant, trahi poſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.005438">Nec ex om­
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              ni parte magnes trahit, ſed vbi cortice
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              tenui eſt, magiſque vna parte quàm alia,
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              ferrúmque nitidum potius quàm rubigine
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              obſitum: Nec, vt fabulantur, allio, cæ­
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              piſve impeditur, multò minus adamante:
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              niſi forſan adeò leuiter, vt in minimis ſo­
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              lùm ac debilibus depræhendatur, in reliquis
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              autem ſenſum effugiat. </s>
              <s id="s.005439">Ferrum verò quod
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              cum lapide confricatum fuerit, non ſolùm
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              celeriùs trahitur à magnete, ſed & aliud
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              ferrum facilius ad ſe trahit, quàm ipſe la­
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              pis. </s>
              <s id="s.005440">Videtur enim vis magnetis à ferro ro­
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              borari: nam in ſuperficie ferri tenuiores la­
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              pidis partes hærentes ferrum ad ſe alliciunt.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.005441">Sed & ferrum magnum fruſtum magnetis
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              modicam partem vice verſa trahit ad ſe,
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              eóque magis ſi ferrum à magnete, & ma­
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              gnes à ferro contacta ſint. </s>
              <s id="s.005442">Hoc ideò con­
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              tingit, quoniam ferrum magnes, vt pa­
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              bulum deſiderat: qui cùm illud ad ſe tra­
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              here nequeat, ad ipſum mutata vice fer­
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              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.005443">Duas habet partes ex aduerſo poſitas
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              hic lapis: alteram quæ iacet ad meridiem,
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              alteram ad Boream. </s>
              <s id="s.005444">Cùm verò eruitur, vim
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              eandem ſeruat, vt quemadmodum anima­
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              lia, ad ſitum proprium & naturalem ſpon­
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              tè redeant. </s>
              <s id="s.005445">Cùm verò ob grauitatem ne­
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              queat ſeipſum mouere, ferro affricatum
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              mouet illud in æquilibrio poſitum ob faci­
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              litatem: & etiam quoniam principium eſt
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              quoddam naturale. </s>
              <s id="s.005446">Nihil ſeipſum mouere.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.005447">Ergo cùm duæ ſint partes, ferrum quod a
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              Boreali tangitur, cuſpidem illam ad Bo­
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              ream dirigit: quòd ſi Auſtralem contigant,
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              ad Auſtrum etiam impellitur, non ad Bo­
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              ream. </s>
              <s id="s.005448">Falſum eſt igitur, vt in noſtris la­
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              pidibus luce clarius ſpectare licet, Hercu­
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              leum lapidem ferrum ſemper ad Boream
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              dirigere, quandoquidem pars illius ſit non
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              parua in ſingulis fruſtis, quæ non minus
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              ferrum dirigat ad Auſtrum, quàm notiſſi­
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              ma illa ad Boream. </s>
              <s id="s.005449">Quò fit vt ſerò videan­
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              tur vires eius homines animaduertiſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.005450">Sed
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              nec ad vnguem diriguntur partes ad Bo­
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              ream, Auſtrumve, ſed ſingulæ ad locum
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              quinque partibus cœli diſtantem. </s>
              <s id="s.005451">Quò ſit,
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg783"/>
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              vt in horologiis non eadem ſit linea ſuper
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              quam ferrum quieſcere debet in pyxide, &
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              meridie, vbi vmbræ ſignificant horas:
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              nam linea pyxidis, ſi horologium perfectum
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              ſit, paululum ad Orientem inflectitur à linea
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              meridiei. </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
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