Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000299">
                <pb pagenum="364" xlink:href="016/01/013.jpg"/>
              quòd aqua, quæ debet trahere aliam aquam
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              ſecum, oportet vt vaſe contineatur, quoniam
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              ſine illo conuelli nequit, ſed ab aëre iuuatur
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              adueniente, & vt corpus continuum ad ęqui­
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              librium perueniat. </s>
              <s id="s.000300">Cùm igitur humilius eſt
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              oſculum C, ad illud perueniet: tùm autem
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              ſublimius, non deſcendet: quia quæ è directo
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              eſt loci inferioris, vt in A, aſcendere cogetur
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              ad C, quod eſt in directo D. </s>
              <s id="s.000301">Si autem aqua
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              deſcendat primò, deinde aſcendat, vt in figu­
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              ra ſequente, ex A, in B, inde in E, & poſtmo­
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                <lb/>
                <figure id="id.016.01.013.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/013/1.jpg" number="7"/>
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              dum in C, & in D: tunc peruenire poterit, ſi
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              D, minùs diſtet à linea B C, quàm A, locus,
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              ex quo deſcendit. </s>
              <s id="s.000302">Sed oportet in ſingulis ſpa­
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              tiis certam eſſe differentiam altitudinis A, &
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              D. </s>
              <s id="s.000303">Quantò enim longior via fuerit, eò maior
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              differentia A, & D, iuxta altitudinis menſu­
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              ram eſſe debet. </s>
              <s id="s.000304">Hinc errores quorundam, qui
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              ad libramentum, quum conati eſſent aquas
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              deducere, maximas iacturas impenſarum ſuſ­
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              ceperunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000305">In ſingulis igitur millibus paſſuum,
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              A, altius palmo eſſe debet quàm D, vt in de­
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              cem millibus paſſuum decem palmis. </s>
              <s id="s.000306">Cauſa
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              huius eſt, aquę rotunditas euidens, quæ etiam
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              in vrceorum ſuperficie apparet. </s>
              <s id="s.000307">Vnde ad li­
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              bramentum licet A, ſit altius quàm D, non
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              tamen erit altius quandoque loco medio in­
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              ter A & D. </s>
              <s id="s.000308">Indiget etiam impetu quodam.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000309">Sed hæc nunc præter intentum quaſi ſunt:
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              voluit tamen ob magnitudinem periculi, &
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              erroris frequentiam, hæc ſubieciſſe. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000310">
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              Ratio
                <expan abbr="ducẽ-dæ">ducen­
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                dæ</expan>
              aquæ.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000311">Sed iam ad elementorum motum ſimpli­
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              cem veniamus exemplis explicandum. </s>
              <s id="s.000312">Igitur
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              grauis motus exemplum præbent ponderum
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              horologia, quæ ſenſim trahendo rotas ver­
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              tunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000313">Huiuſce autem generis infinita facilè
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              eſſet inuenire exempla. </s>
              <s id="s.000314">At motus leuis hoc
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              vnum ſubiiciatur exemplum.
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              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000315">
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              Modus quo
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              naues demer­
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              ſæ gurgitibus
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                <expan abbr="recuperãtur">recuperantur</expan>
              .</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000316">Cùm naues freto merguntur, quas eruere
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              conſilium eſt, cymbæ onuſtæ ſaxis per funes
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              alligantur nauigio ab vrinatoribus, ſic vt
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              funes quantum fieri poteſt, tendatur, inde
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              totidem cymbis vacuis lapides ex prioribus
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              detracti excipiuntur: quo fit vt alleuatæ
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              cymbæ nauigium paululùm ex profundo ſe­
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              cum trahant. </s>
              <s id="s.000317">Nam aër cymbas, quæ pondere
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              lapidum fermè mergebantur, cùm aquæ ſub­
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              eſſe nolit, in ſuperficiem aquæ attollit, vnde
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              nauigium fermè pro cymbæ altitudine ſupe­
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              riùs trahitur. </s>
              <s id="s.000318">Trahatur igitur ex A, in B, tunc
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              cymbæ, quæ plenæ ſunt lapidibus illi anne­
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              ctantur funibus, transfuſiſque lapidibus na­
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              uigium trahetur in C. </s>
              <s id="s.000319">Rurſus priores cym­
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              bæ, in quas lapides transfudiſti, nectuntur
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              tenſis funibus nauigio in C, trahéntque de­
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              ductis lapidibus ipſum in D, atque perpetua
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              tranſmutatione ad aquæ ſuperficiem tandem
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              deducetur. </s>
              <s id="s.000320">Sed dices, plurimis cymbis opus
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              erit ad triremem educendam. </s>
              <s id="s.000321">Verum eſt, ſed
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              ratio ſic conſtat: quælibet nauis aut cymba
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              tantùm ferre poteſt ponderis, quantum eſt
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              pondus aquæ, quam continere poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000322">Velut
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              ſi triremis capiat in flumine mille amphoras
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              aquæ, quarum pondus ſit decem millium ta­
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              lentorum, triremis illa in flumine decem
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              millia talenta feret. </s>
              <s id="s.000323">Quòd ſi eadem in mari
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              capiat ( vt dixi ) eaſdem mille amphoras,
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              quarum pondus ſit duodecim millium talen­
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              torum (nam aqua maris grauior eſt aqua flu­
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              minis ) eadem in mari duodecim millia ta­
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              lenta ponderis feret. </s>
              <s id="s.000324">Atque ea ratione mani­
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              feſtum eſt, cur nauigia appellare ſoleamus à
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              menſura, vt nauem mille, vel quingentarum
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              amphorarum: idem enim eſt ac ſi dicas, quæ
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              ferre poteſt mille aut quingenta ponderis ta­
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              lenta. </s>
              <s id="s.000325">Nam qualis eſt capacitas, vt dixi, nauis
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              ratione aquæ, tantùm eſt pondus, quod ferre
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              poteſt, ſcilicet quantum eſt pondus aquæ
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              quam capit. </s>
              <s id="s.000326">Manifeſtum eſt igitur ex hoc,
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              quòd diuerſa pondera eadem nauis in diuer­
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              ſis aquis feret, quoniam & aquarum ipſarum
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              diuerſa ſunt pondera. </s>
              <s id="s.000327">Iuxta verò hanc ratio­
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              nem liquet ponderis magnitudinem eſſe pro
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              ratione impellentis aquæ. </s>
              <s id="s.000328">Nam ſi ( vt gratia
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              exempli dicam) cymba viginti amphoras ſu­
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              ſtinet, hoc eſt, quia aër incluſus ab aquæ am­
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              phoris viginti ſuperiùs impellitur, vt aqua
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              illa ſcilicet, quæ in naui contineretur, locum
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              ſuum recipiat. </s>
              <s id="s.000329">Bellè igitur conuenit hoc ex­
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              perimentum cum ratione, quæ ſuperiùs dicta
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              eſt, ſcilicet veſicam aëre plenam ab aqua ſur­
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              sùm pelli, quòd veſica aquæ locum occupet:
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              quare pondus pro magnitudine aquæ, quam
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              veſica continere poteſt, in aëre ſuſtinebit: id
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              eſt, ita veſicæ pondere ſuperimpoſito, vt ip­
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              ſum pondus totum in aëre ſit, non in aqua.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000330">Verùm pondus, quod in aqua eſt ( vt ad na­
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                <lb/>
              uigium eruendum rurſus veniam ) tantò le­
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              uius redditur, quantò aqua ipſa grauior ex­
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              titerit: vnde paucioribus cymbis opus erit,
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              quàm quæ pondus demerſi nauigij ferre poſ­
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              ſent. </s>
              <s id="s.000331">Duplici verò ratione nauigia ex gra­
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              uioribus aquis faciliùs extrahuntur, quàm </s>
            </p>
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