Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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              <s id="s.006939">
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              trifolium, pentaphyllon, heptaphyllon, hel­
                <lb/>
              leborus qui nouem habet folia: nam ſi plura
                <lb/>
              ſint, melius eſt, vt per totam plantam iuxta
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              nodos bina ac bina digerantur, nec tantùm
                <lb/>
              oneris cacumen ſubeat. </s>
              <s id="s.006940">At contraria ratio­
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              ne ſi pauca, melius fuit totam ad ſummum
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              plantæ traduci: nam folia ibi melius totam
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              plantam, atque ideò etiam flores & fructus
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1012"/>
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              tegunt. </s>
              <s id="s.006941">Indicio eſt, folia propter flores, &
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              multò ante fructus naſcuntur: quibuſque
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              perpetua ſunt, his etiam toto tempore anni
                <lb/>
              fructus, aut flores: & quòd ſi folia ſeriùs
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              floribus naſcantur, his maxima pars fru­
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              ctuum perit: hyeméque cum folia decidunt,
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              nulli flores, ac fructus naſcuntur, viden­
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              turque ob id ſolum nata: nam cum hyeme
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              non pariat arbos, decidunt folia. </s>
              <s id="s.006942">Ergo im­
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              paria ſunt folia plantarum, quoniam quæ
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              in cacumine ſunt, imparia eſſe neceſſe eſt,
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              inde hinc de alia prodire æqualiter dextra
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              ac ſiniſtra. </s>
              <s id="s.006943">Indicio primum eſt, quòd nul­
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              la planta, quæ nudum habeat truncum, pa­
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              ria habeat in vertice: deinde, quòd medium
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              folium ſemper ſit maius, pinguius ac ro­
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              buſtius reliquis, tum illi proximiora remo­
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              tioribus, quodque ex aduerſo nerui ſemper
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              cauitas in ſtipite adiacet, ipſeque truncus
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              faciliùs inflectitur in ipſam cauitatem, quàm
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              in neruum.
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              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.006944">
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              Folia pro­
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              pter flores &
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              fructus facta
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              eſſe oſtendi­
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              tur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.006945">
                <margin.target id="marg1013"/>
              Nerui folio­
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              rum cur
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              impares.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.006946">Eadem ratione nerui foliorum etiam im­
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              pares ſunt, vt in plantagine: nam vel qui­
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              ni, vel ſepteni, vel etiam plures: nam præ­
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              ter eos, qui bini à lateribus ſtant, medius
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              adiicitur. </s>
              <s id="s.006947">Sed ſi plantarum materia pro fo­
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              liis abundauerit vnico cum neruo, adhuc
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              eadem ratione in cacumine imparia, per to­
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              tam plantam bina ac bina in ſingulis no­
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              dis. </s>
              <s id="s.006948">Quòd ſi plures nerui in trunco vt bini,
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              erunt quaterna folia in nodis: aut bina ac
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              bina, ſed non è regione: in cacumine verò
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              ſena vel dena. </s>
              <s id="s.006949">Eadem ratio in ramis, vnde
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              niſi quid oblæſum fuerit, aut monſtrificum
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              quod (vt dixi) frequenter contingit in plan­
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              tis, foliorum numerum in omnibus certa
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              ratione colligere licet.
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              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.006950">
                <margin.target id="marg1014"/>
              Mala omnia
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              certo grano­
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              rum numero
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              conſtant.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.006951">Simili modo & in fructibus: atque vt à
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              difficiliori ſumam exemplum, mala punica
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              quæque pro ſuo genere, & quæ ex eadem
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              arbore naſcuntur, certum granorum nume­
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              rum retinent, quædam nongenta quadra­
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              gintaquatuor, alia centum viginocto, atque
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              alia alio numero, omnibus certo ordine ex
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              ambitu latiore corticis in anguſtum verſus
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              centrum tendentibus. </s>
              <s id="s.006952">Sic pyrorum ſemina,
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              ſic malorum, aut meſpilorum. </s>
              <s id="s.006953">Annectun­
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              tur pediculis omnes, quia humidum, ſic
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              aqueum melius ab aëre diſſipatur, & fructus
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              etiam ob id melius nutriuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.006954">Semina ve­
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              rò in his contenta, & quorum gratia fructus
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              facti ſunt, robuſtiora euadunt, & magis apta
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              generatio.
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              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.006955">
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              Sycomori
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              fructus &
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              biferarum
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              plantarum</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.006956">Indicio eſt huic, quòd ſycomori fructus
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              abſque pediculo innaſcuntur trunco: nam
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              cùm hæc arbor valde pingue habeat (vt dixi)
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              humidum, non indiget, vt in pediculo hu­
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              mor amplius ſiccetur. </s>
              <s id="s.006957">His de cauſis fructus
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              quater in anno edit, & quæ niſi ſaucietur
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              arbor non maturantur. </s>
              <s id="s.006958">Quòd iudicium in
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              ficu & vitibus, quæ ſæpius in anno fructifi­
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              cant, facere debemus: abundant enim co­
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              pia pinguis humidi, & ſerò vel vix matu­
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              rantur, & ventriculo graues ſunt, velut &
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              ſycomori. </s>
              <s id="s.006959">Oportebat autem talem eſſe arbo­
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              rem, quæ fructum adeò vberem ferret, vt
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              frumenti vice apud incolas haberetur, ſatiſ­
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              facerétque hominum vitæ. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.006960">Quæ igitur plantæ fructum vnicum edunt
                <lb/>
              & celeriter maturantur, parum habent pin­
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              guis humidi, & adeò maturantur, vt facilè
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              putreſcant, vt ceraſa: quæ verò non matu­
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              rantur, vnicum tamen habent fructum, fri­
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              gida ſunt & ſicca, vt ſorba, ac meſpila: quæ
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              verò multiplicem edunt fructum, vt ficus,
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              vitis, ſycomorus, omnia difficulter ad ma­
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              turitatem perducunt extremos fructus, ſunt­
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              que humida valde, & humido quidem pin­
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              gui, & multum nutriunt, & ſerò conco­
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              quuntur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.006961">Quidam verò fructus poſtquàm decerpti
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              defuerint ſeruantur & areſcunt, vt iuglan­
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              des, auellanæque alij ſeruantur, nec areſ­
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              cunt, vt punica: quidam non ſeruantur, vt
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              ceraſa. </s>
              <s id="s.006962">Reuireſcunt, qui ſeruantur aridi, vt
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              quaſi nuper decerpti è planta, ſi perforato
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              cortice in ſacculo per octo dies in puteum
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              demittantur, aut quindecim diebus ſub hu­
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              mida terra ſepeliantur. </s>
              <s id="s.006963">Cato verò & hos, &
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              vuas nondum maturas vaſis vitreis ſub terra
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              reconditis ſeruari docuit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.006964">
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              Fructus du­
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              ri corticis
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              quomodo re
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              uireſcant.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.006965">Multa ſunt quæ ad hæc pertinent, non
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              tamen ſunt ex his de quibus, vt ſermo ſit
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              completus, nunc dicendum erit. </s>
              <s id="s.006966">Huiuſcemo­
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              di ſunt, quomodo transferantur plantæ è
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              regione in regionem, vt ex India in Ita­
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              liam: aliæ quidem ſemine tranſlatæque aliæ
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              in vaſis integræ, ac terra obſitæ, aliarum
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              ſurculi in melle ſepulti: quandoquidem mel­
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              lis humidum, tenue eſt, dulce ac tempera­
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              tum, non pingue, non putredini obnoxium
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              hoc autem alendis teneris germinibus com­
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              modiſſimum. </s>
              <s id="s.006967">Quamobrem & iuglandes to­
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              to anno virides in eo ſeruantur, fructus
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              verò & caro non paucis diebus abſque pu­
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              tredine. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.006968">
                <margin.target id="marg1017"/>
              Plantæ quo­
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              modo tranſ­
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              ferantur in
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              longinquas
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              regiones.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.006969">Sed ſucci poſtquàm efferbuerint
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ſic enim
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              humidum aqueum, quod eſt putredinis prin­
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              cipium, reſoluitur ) ſuperiniecto oleo ſer­
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              uantur. </s>
              <s id="s.006970">Fumi terræ ſuccus tamen, vel ſic
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              ex amaro in acerbum tranſit & acidum,
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              quoniam pars terrea, quæ cauſa eſt amari­
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              tudinis, deſcendens ſuccum inſipidum relin­
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              quit: hic cùm ab aere vitiatur, tranſit in
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              acidum, vt omnia dulcia, & inſipida. </s>
              <s id="s.006971">Præ­
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              ſtat igitur & diu coxiſſe, & loco frigidiſſi­
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              mo condidiſſe. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.006972">
                <margin.target id="marg1018"/>
              Succi quo­
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              modo ſer­
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              uantur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.006973">Putredo etiam (vt dixi) omnis, calida eſt: ob
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1019"/>
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              id tubera naſcentia, niues in directo ſuper­
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              ſtantes colliquant: calor enim putridus dum
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              terreum humidum ſecernit, radices gignit
                <lb/>
              ſine germine, quæ tubera vocantur: contra­
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              ria ratione cùm frigidam, & humidam, te­
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              nuemque materiam concoquit, germina ſi­
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              ne radicibus emittit, quę fungos appellamus.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.006974">Ideóque fungi humidiores, tubera ſecuriora. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.006975">
                <margin.target id="marg1019"/>
              Tubera vbi
                <lb/>
              ſunt, niues
                <lb/>
              diſcutiunt.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.006976">Generaliter autem conſeruamus, ne pu­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1020"/>
                <lb/>
              treſcant, vel ſiccatis, vel refrigeratis, vel hu­
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              mido pingui obratis. </s>
              <s id="s.006977">Quod enim putreſ­
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              cit, vt humidum habeat, aqueum neceſſe </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
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