Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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              <s id="s.000448">
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              pora ab alio continentur. </s>
              <s id="s.000449">Sed locus eſſe non
                <lb/>
              poteſt eadem ratione ſine corpore, ſi omnis
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              locus eſt vltima ſuperficies continens cor­
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              pus. </s>
              <s id="s.000450">Eſt etiam locus ipſe æternus, quia or­
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              bis cœleſtis ſuperficies extrema immota eſt,
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              vt corpus ipſum continet atque vniuerſum.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000451">Locus igitur vt in vniuerſo, æternus eſt &
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              immobilis, ac immutabilis: vt autem cor­
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              poris certi ſuperficies, mutatur corporum
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              mutatione, nec manet. </s>
              <s id="s.000452">Locus igitur vbi
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              Alexander ſedit in Babylonica, vel Suſis,
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              adhuc manet, ſed nunc in aëre erat in ciui­
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              tate atque domo, nunc autem forſan in
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              agro, atque etiam ſub terra. </s>
              <s id="s.000453">Eſt vbi in
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              Roſtris facundiſſimus Cicero perorauit,
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              locus manet, at tunc propter terram in
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              aëre fuit, nunc autem creſcente forſitan
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              terra, ſub ipſa terra. </s>
              <s id="s.000454">Et in quolibet loco
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              nunc viciſſitudinibus temporum id agenti­
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              bus infiniti erunt homines, aliáſque fuêre,
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              ſi vera eſt opinio Ariſtotelis de mundi æter­
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              nitate. </s>
              <s id="s.000455">Tria igitur ſunt ſemper nobiſcum
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              æterna, mens, hyle, & locus. </s>
              <s id="s.000456">Sed men­
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              tem mutare, aut materiam non licet, locum
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              mutare licet, & alium adipiſci. </s>
              <s id="s.000457">Quocun­
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              que igitur perrexerimus, ad rem æternam
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              imus. </s>
              <s id="s.000458">Et nunc locus in quo ſcribo æternus
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              eſt, atque in eo complures forſan fuêre re­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg36"/>
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              ges, aut ſapientes. </s>
              <s id="s.000459">Cùm enim principia
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              rerum naturalium ſint quinque, materia
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              ſeu hyle, forma, anima, locus, motus:
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              tempus autem non eſt principium, ſed mo­
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              tum ſequitur: proximum autem videtur eſſe
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              principio, quia nihil ſine ipſo fit: de hoc au­
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              tem poſteriùs dicemus. </s>
              <s id="s.000460">Quies quoquè non
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              eſt principium, ſed principij priuatio, vt
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              mors, frigus, ſiccitas. </s>
              <s id="s.000461">Repugnantia item
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              corporum atque inane ſeu vacuum, non ſunt
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              principia, à forma enim pendêre hæc, de­
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              monſtrauimus, & aliàs etiam demonſtrabi­
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              mus. </s>
              <s id="s.000462">Horum igitur principiorum nul­
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              lum non eſt ſecundùm genus æternum
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              & primum, aliter non poſſent eſſe princi­
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              pia. </s>
              <s id="s.000463">Sed per ſe æterna ſunt mens, hyle &
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              locus. </s>
              <s id="s.000464">Forma & motus parte æterna in cœ­
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              leſtibus, parte mortalia in his, quæ ſub lunæ
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              cælo ſunt conſtituta. </s>
              <s id="s.000465">Anima verò parte qua­
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              dam, qua intelligit, æterna, reliqua mor­
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              talis eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000466">Expers corporis eſt mens, locus &
                <lb/>
              motus. </s>
              <s id="s.000467">Sed mens abſoluitur omninò à cor­
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              pore, motus ſine corpore non eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000468">Anima
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              autem, hyle & forma, cum corpore neceſſa­
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              riò ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000469">Anima tamen non videtur pars il­
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              lius. </s>
              <s id="s.000470">Quòd verò plura eſſe non poſſint princi­
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              pia, ex hoc demonſtratur. </s>
              <s id="s.000471">Nam quæ ſunt,
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              quædam viuunt, quædam non. </s>
              <s id="s.000472">Reguntur
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              autem omnia atque fiunt, tum manet. </s>
              <s id="s.000473">Cor­
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              pus igitur in loco manet. </s>
              <s id="s.000474">Fiunt autem ex
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              materia atque forma. </s>
              <s id="s.000475">Reguntur autem ab
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              anima, quæ in nobilioribus mens eſt, & à
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              corpore ſeparata: in corporibus autem, vitæ
                <lb/>
              principium. </s>
              <s id="s.000476">Sed cauſa qua manent eſt motus,
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              item generationis, & reliquorum. </s>
              <s id="s.000477">Omnia
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              hæc cùm ſint quidam motus, & vt fiunt, & vt
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              manent, igitur motus principium eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000478">De
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              principiis ſecundùm ſenſum, & vt ad hanc
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              pertinebat tractationem, hæc docuiſſe hacte­
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              nus ſufficiat: non enim hoc modo priuatio
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              principium eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000479">Supereſt nunc, vt declaremus,
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              vacuum non dari, præter rationes tres ſenſi­
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              biles ſuperiùs adductas, hoc diligentiùs nunc
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              demonſtrantes. </s>
              <s id="s.000480">Oſtenſum erit & pari ratio­
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              ne de corporum repugnantia, quicquid ſupe­
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              riùs ſuppoſuimus: nam neque in eodem loco
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              duo corpora, nec corpus vnum in duobus
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              locis, nec corpore locum eſſe poſſe diximus.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000481">Nunc igitur hoc vltimo denuò demonſtrua
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              to, reliqua etiam erunt manifeſta: neque
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              enim in hoc libro ſingula demonſtrare, ſed
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              res per capita tractare propoſitum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000482">Pri­
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              múm igitur vacuum non eſt: quomodo igi­
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              tur quod non eſt, efficere quicquam po­
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              terit? </s>
              <s id="s.000483">Deinde ſi eſſe ponatur, ſubſtantia
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              non eſt vacuum, neque à ſubſtantia profi­
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              ciſcitur, & vt vno verbo abſoluam, nihil
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              eſt, atque ideo nullam poterit habere ope­
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              rationem. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000484">
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              Locus quid
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              ſit.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000485">
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                <expan abbr="Principiorũ">Principiorum</expan>
                <lb/>
              naturalium
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              diuiſio.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000486">
                <margin.target id="marg37"/>
              Demonſtra­
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              tio, quia nul­
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              lus motus eſt
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              à vacuo.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000487">Forſan dicet quiſpiam, naturam metu
                <lb/>
              vacui, ſeu vt illud euitet, motum ciere. </s>
              <s id="s.000488">Sed
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              neque iſtud: nam quum aër rarior aqua ſit,
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              oportuit primò antequàm fiat attractio va­
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              cui ratione, quum aqua aſcendit aquæ con­
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              ſecutione, priorem aquam in aërem verti,
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              húncque rurſus in ignem, qui aëre rarior eſt:
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              deinde ipſum ignem attenuari, demum fieri
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              hanc attractionem. </s>
              <s id="s.000489">Sed nos videmus, aquam
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              non verti in aërem, ſed trahere: ſimiliter
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              aërem, antequam in ignem tranſeat: non igi­
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              tur metu vacui, quum adhuc ſuperſint tot
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              intermedia, ſed metu raritatis natura moli­
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              tur eam attractionem, quam à vacuo appel­
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              lant. </s>
              <s id="s.000490">Nec eſt vt eam cum Auerroë, violen­
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              tam dicam: nam ipſa prorſus eſt naturalis,
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              ſicut & motus aquæ, quum in aëre fuerit &
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              deſcendit: violenter enim quieſcit, & ideo
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              naturaliter mouetur. </s>
              <s id="s.000491">Sic elementum, quod
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              raritatis cauſa trahit, violentiam patitur, à
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              qua motu illo ſe liberat. </s>
              <s id="s.000492">Quòd verò eo motu
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              graue ſurſum trahatur, contingit caſu, eſt que
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              ei quod trahitur, quandoque violentum, &
                <lb/>
              quandoque non, velut ſi leue ſurſum traha­
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              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.000493">Satis eſt motum ex principio ipſo eſſe
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              naturalem. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000494">
                <margin.target id="marg38"/>
              Motus at­
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              tractionis à
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              raritate, non
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              eſt
                <expan abbr="violẽtus">violentus</expan>
              .</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000495">Vt inuito, vel ſaltem non iuuante paſſo
                <lb/>
              fit? </s>
              <s id="s.000496">Imò quod mouetur ad locum, ſpontè
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              mouetur, vt elementum aut mixtum, non vt
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              graue, aut leue. </s>
              <s id="s.000497">Obliuiſcitur enim propriæ
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              naturæ, quòd ſic mouetur conſenſu alterius.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000498">Velut qui filium hortatur ad vitæ pericu­
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              lum, dum muri vrbis ab hoſte oppugnan­
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              tur, pietatem exercet: vbi communis cau­
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              ſa non impelleret, id agens crudelis habe­
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              retur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000499">Sed iam ad motus grauium veniamus. </s>
              <s id="s.000500">Hic
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              autem liber eſt, aut fit pondere alligato, vt in
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              libra & ſtatera. </s>
              <s id="s.000501">Quæri ſolet, cur pondera
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              ponderibus magis agitantur? </s>
              <s id="s.000502">nam manu­
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              brio A, agitetur ſuper furculam C, pondus
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              B. </s>
              <s id="s.000503">Conſtat quòd ſi addatur pondus ipſi ma­
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              nubrio, vtpote plumbum vſque ad certam
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              metam, faciliùs deſcendere à lateribus ad
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              medium adiuuante pondere: at contrà diffi­
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              cilius moueri à medio ad latera. </s>
              <s id="s.000504">Ob id, pon­
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              deris meta quædam habenda eſt, vſque ad
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              quam motus facilitas augetur. </s>
              <s id="s.000505">Hanc tamen
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              ſi tranſcendas, motus redditur difficilior.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000506">Hac ratione capulos enſibus grauiores ad­
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              dunt, vt enſes videantur leuiores, faciliúſ­
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              que tractentur. </s>
              <s id="s.000507">Sed & hîc modus ſeruan­
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              dus eſt. </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
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    </archimedes>
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