Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000805">
                <pb pagenum="376" xlink:href="016/01/025.jpg"/>
              multum abſumit alimenti, ideò perſæpe mi­
                <lb/>
              nus durat prunis: ſed hoc non merito ſui
                <lb/>
              eſt, ſed quia celerius alimentum finitur. </s>
              <s id="s.000806">His
                <lb/>
              de cauſis & à pingui humido flammæ diu­
                <lb/>
              turnæ, & à tenui atque ſicca ſubſtantia im­
                <lb/>
              menſæ creantur. </s>
              <s id="s.000807">Nam in tenui & arida
                <lb/>
              ſubſtantia celeriter flamma flammæ ſucce­
                <lb/>
              dit, atque ob id in maximam molem creſcit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000808">Quòd ſi hæc ambo iungantur, & arida, te­
                <lb/>
              nuiſque ſubſtantia, & pingue ac plurimum
                <lb/>
              humidum, velut in bitumine, tunc flam­
                <lb/>
              mæ maximæ, & diuturnæ excitantur. </s>
              <s id="s.000809">Ob
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg69"/>
                <lb/>
              id verò manifeſtum ſit, cur bitumini ar­
                <lb/>
              denti aqua iniecta maiores excitet flam­
                <lb/>
              mas, quod etiam Georgius Agricola, vir
                <lb/>
              noſtræ tempeſtatis memoria dignus, narrat:
                <lb/>
              eſſe ſcilicet in Iſlandia inſula montem, no­
                <lb/>
              mine Heclam, ex quo ignis emiſſus ſiccis
                <lb/>
              extinguatur, aqua verò alitur. </s>
              <s id="s.000810">Id autem fer­
                <lb/>
              mè commune eſt omnibus validioribus
                <lb/>
              flammis: vnde etiam fabri inſperſa aqua
                <lb/>
              ignes excitare ſolent: cùm enim ardentior
                <lb/>
              fuerit ignis, à frigido incitatur, & ab hu­
                <lb/>
              mido alitur, quorum vtrunque aquæ ineſt.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg70"/>
                <lb/>
              Ea de cauſa etiam ignis qui follibus accen­
                <lb/>
              ditur, cùm validus ſit, aqua modica non
                <lb/>
              extinguitur, ſed robuſtior euadit. </s>
              <s id="s.000811">Folles
                <lb/>
              namque ignes accendunt, quoniam mo­
                <lb/>
              tum concitant: inde ex motu penetrat
                <lb/>
              vis & exurit. </s>
              <s id="s.000812">Neceſſarij autem ſunt in me­
                <lb/>
              tallis, quoniam à paruo igne non liqueſ­
                <lb/>
              cunt, ſed ſerò, ideò prius exuruntur quàm
                <lb/>
              liqueſcant. </s>
              <s id="s.000813">Sed à follibus ignis accenſus
                <lb/>
              mouetur & penetrat, ac colliquat metalla.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000814">Vnde non paruum compendium in celeri
                <lb/>
              exitu, & quòd minus impenſæ perit, &
                <lb/>
              metalli portio minor vritur. </s>
              <s id="s.000815">Folles igi­
                <lb/>
              tur ad accendendum ignem atque mollien­
                <lb/>
              dum ac liquandum aptiſſimi ſunt. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000816">
                <margin.target id="marg67"/>
              Flamma cur
                <lb/>
              igne alio vi­
                <lb/>
              uacior.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000817">
                <margin.target id="marg68"/>
              Cauſæ ma­
                <lb/>
              gnarum
                <expan abbr="flã-marum">flam­
                  <lb/>
                marum</expan>
              .</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000818">
                <margin.target id="marg69"/>
              Cur aqua
                <lb/>
              quandoque
                <lb/>
              ignes exci­
                <lb/>
              tet.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000819">
                <margin.target id="marg70"/>
              Folles cur
                <lb/>
              accendant
                <lb/>
              ignem, &
                <lb/>
              vbi magis
                <lb/>
              neceſſarij.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000820">Itaque vt ad inſtitutum reuertar, aqua
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg71"/>
                <lb/>
              ſolet vehementes accendere ignes, quoniam
                <lb/>
              humidum ipſum quod exhalat, pinguius
                <lb/>
              redditur, nec à circumfuſo fumo abſumi­
                <lb/>
              tur, ſed totum ignis ipſe depaſcitur, quo
                <lb/>
              purior inde factus, & ſimul collectus à
                <lb/>
              frigido alacrior inſurgit. </s>
              <s id="s.000821">Vnde etiam ignes
                <lb/>
              qui aqua excitantur & accenduntur: conſtat
                <lb/>
              autem pice nauali & Græca, ſulphure, vini
                <lb/>
              fæce, quàm vocant tartarum, ſarcocolla, ha­
                <lb/>
              linitro, bituminis ſpecie, illa quam vocant
                <lb/>
              petroleum. </s>
              <s id="s.000822">Relatum hoc ad Marcum Grae­
                <lb/>
              cum. </s>
              <s id="s.000823">Additur igitur calx viua duplo pon­
                <lb/>
              dere, & cum ouorum luteis pariter miſcen­
                <lb/>
              tur omnia, & in fimo equino ſepeliuntur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000824">Aliud: Sulphurei olei, petrolei, iuniperini
                <lb/>
              olei, & halinitri æquales ſingulorum par­
                <lb/>
              tes: nigræ picis, pinguedinum anſeris, &
                <lb/>
              anatis, ſtercoris columini, eius liquoris,
                <lb/>
              quam vocant liquidam vernicem conſtant
                <lb/>
              autem oleo ſeminis lini, rurſus ſingulorum
                <lb/>
              tantundem: aſphalti partes quinque: exci­
                <lb/>
              pe ardente aqua, & in fimo equino ſepeli.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000825">Aliud etiam: Vernicis liquidæ, ſulphurei
                <lb/>
              olei, & iuniperini, & eius quod fit ex lini
                <lb/>
              ſemine, & petrolei, & lachrymæ lariginæ
                <lb/>
              partes æquas ſingulorum; aquæ ardentis
                <lb/>
              tres ac mediam, tum halinitri, ligni lau­
                <lb/>
              rini ſicci vi puluerem redactorum quan­
                <lb/>
              tum ſufficit, vt omnia ſimul miſta, luti
                <lb/>
              ſpiſſitudinem recipiant. </s>
              <s id="s.000826">Hæc omnia vitreo
                <lb/>
              vaſe excipe, & in fimo equino tribus men­
                <lb/>
              ſibus ſepeli. </s>
              <s id="s.000827">Si igitur ex his pilæ lignis hę­
                <lb/>
              reant, ſpontè imbribus accenduntur: ſed
                <lb/>
              hoc non omninò ſemper euenit. </s>
              <s id="s.000828">Illud au­
                <lb/>
              tem ſemper euenit, vt iam accenſus nul­
                <lb/>
              lis aquis extinguatur. </s>
              <s id="s.000829">Puluis autem qui fa­
                <lb/>
              cillimè ardet, & cuius flamma vehementer
                <lb/>
              exurit, conſtat pyrio puluere, & tertia ſul­
                <lb/>
              phuris ac Græcæ picis parte. </s>
              <s id="s.000830">Porrò plu­
                <lb/>
              ra his in libris de rerum Varietate ſcrip­
                <lb/>
              ſimus: hi autem exercitationem omnium
                <lb/>
              continent locupletem, quæ hîc ratione
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg72"/>
                <lb/>
              explicantur. </s>
              <s id="s.000831">Quonam pacto verò aquâ non
                <lb/>
              extinguantur hi ignes, facilè patet conſi­
                <lb/>
              deranti, quòd motum adeò vehementem
                <lb/>
              ciunt, vt flamma flammæ follium loco ſit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000832">Ob id igitur paruam flammam facilè eſt
                <lb/>
              extinguere, magnam autem difficillimum.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg73"/>
                <lb/>
              Non ſolùm enim quòd maior ſit, diffici­
                <lb/>
              liùs extinguitur parua, ſed quòd motum
                <lb/>
              excitet vehementem, à quo ( vt dixi )
                <lb/>
              flamma fouetur. </s>
              <s id="s.000833">Ab magnitudine autem
                <lb/>
              motus & flammæ procul abeſſe coguntur
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg74"/>
                <lb/>
              homines: vnde etiam auxilium primò deeſt,
                <lb/>
              inde fumo abundante ſubit deſperatio. </s>
              <s id="s.000834">In
                <lb/>
              his caſibus tria auxilia ſolùm ſuperſunt: vt
                <lb/>
              detrahatur materia ardere apta, vel vt
                <lb/>
              murus ex lapidibus erigatur, lapideſque ſu­
                <lb/>
              per incendium proiiciantur, quo quidam
                <lb/>
              amici noſtri vicinam ſuam domum ab in­
                <lb/>
              cendio ſeruauerunt: vel quo vti ſolemus
                <lb/>
              dum luci ardent, aut ſegetes, vt pars in
                <lb/>
              quam ignis fertur accendatur. </s>
              <s id="s.000835">Nam ſic
                <lb/>
              extincto eo igne, vel etiam nondum ex­
                <lb/>
              tincto, maiori ſubtracta materia, peri­
                <lb/>
              culoſo, ſed vtili tamen inuento, ſerua­
                <lb/>
              mus reliquum. </s>
              <s id="s.000836">Hoc autem auxilij gene­
                <lb/>
              re ſeruati ſunt luci noſtri in Nouarienſi
                <lb/>
              agro, non multum abſimili, quo loci
                <lb/>
              dominus ſæpe ſeipſum à periculo libe­
                <lb/>
              rauit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000837">
                <margin.target id="marg71"/>
              Ignes qui
                <lb/>
              aqua non ex
                <lb/>
              tinguuntur
                <lb/>
              artificioſi.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000838">
                <margin.target id="marg72"/>
              Libri de re­
                <lb/>
              rum Varie­
                <lb/>
              tate ſunt
                <lb/>
              praxis hu­
                <lb/>
              ius.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000839">
                <margin.target id="marg73"/>
              Magna
                <expan abbr="flã-ma">flanm
                  <lb/>
                ma</expan>
              tribus
                <lb/>
              cauſis diffi­
                <lb/>
              cile extin­
                <lb/>
              guitur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000840">
                <margin.target id="marg74"/>
              Auxilia ex­
                <lb/>
              tinguendi
                <lb/>
              magna in­
                <lb/>
              cendia.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000841">Sunt igitur bitumine loca abundantia,
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg75"/>
                <lb/>
              vel ſulphure, quæ ſpontè ardent, & aqua
                <lb/>
              minimè extinguuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.000842">Ætnæ in Sicilia
                <lb/>
              montis famoſiſſimum eſt incendium. </s>
              <s id="s.000843">Cra­
                <lb/>
              teres duo, inferior in putei formam an­
                <lb/>
              guſtus, anguſto labro lapideo circumcin­
                <lb/>
              gente: ſuperior verò ab imo ( vt referunt)
                <lb/>
              fundæ iactu diſtat, quatuor habens in am­
                <lb/>
              bitu ſtadia ad centum M. paſſuum: cineres
                <lb/>
              circumquaque effundit, ſumma caligine
                <lb/>
              cuncta biduo offuſcans, quod etiam Pli­
                <lb/>
              nius affirmat. </s>
              <s id="s.000844">Sed noſtris temporibus re­
                <lb/>
              miſſum videtur. </s>
              <s id="s.000845">Puteolis verò parum an­
                <lb/>
              tequàm hæc ſcriberemus (XX. M. paſſuum,
                <lb/>
              vt audio, à Neapoli diſtant ) maxima ex
                <lb/>
              incendio iactura contigit. </s>
              <s id="s.000846">Fiunt igitur hi
                <lb/>
              ignes vbi ſulphur aut bitumen gignitur,
                <lb/>
              plerunque autem iuxta mare, quòd bitu­
                <lb/>
              men, & ſulphur à marinis ſordibus ac ca­
                <lb/>
              lore fomentum accipiant. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000847">
                <margin.target id="marg75"/>
              Loca quæ
                <lb/>
              ardent.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000848">Quomodo autem accendatur parata mate­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg76"/>
                <lb/>
              ria, inferius dicemus. </s>
              <s id="s.000849">Ignis autem qui inter­
                <lb/>
              diu latet, & ſolùm noctu videtur, quemadmo­
                <lb/>
              dum in Apennini Mugellano videmus, inno­
                <lb/>
              xius eſt arboribus
                <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan>
              etiam herbis. </s>
              <s id="s.000850">Duplex
                <lb/>
              hic: alius ignis verè, ſed à vaporibus qui ſuc­
                <lb/>
              ceſſu
                <expan abbr="tẽporis">temporis</expan>
              cùm
                <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>
              ſubeſſe ſignificet,
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="iacturã">iacturam</expan>
              affert. </s>
              <s id="s.000851">Alius eſt omninò innoxius, qui
                <lb/>
              non verè ignis, ſed velut materia putrida li-</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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