Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001002">
                <pb pagenum="380" xlink:href="016/01/029.jpg"/>
              confertim ardeat, aut quia lentus, aut im­
                <lb/>
              purus, vel non elaboratus, vel quia parum
                <lb/>
              habeat halinitri, lentè emittit, debiliter,
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              & paruo cum ſonitu. </s>
              <s id="s.001003">At ſi iuſto tenuior fue­
                <lb/>
              rit, tota ſimul ardens frangit machinam.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001004">Manifeſtum eſt igitur, quòd cùm celeritas
                <lb/>
              tranſitus in ignem ex proportione pendeat,
                <lb/>
              caloris ad pulueris repugnantiam attenuato
                <lb/>
              autem puluere repugnantia minuatur, quòd
                <lb/>
              in infinitum hæc perfectio pulueris progre­
                <lb/>
              di poteſt, ſic vt momento tota accendatur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001005">Tunc verò cum repentè non inuenire exi­
                <lb/>
              tum poſſit, quippe cùm motus omnis tem­
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              pus poſtulet, machinam franget. </s>
              <s id="s.001006">Igitur non
                <lb/>
              ſolùm puluerem licebit conficere, qui om­
                <lb/>
              nes machinas effringet, ſed tenuiore impo­
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              ſito maioribus machinis illæ peribunt: &
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              rurſus craſſiore tenuibus ac paruis, vix ſphæ­
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              rulam excutere poterunt. </s>
              <s id="s.001007">Igitur intra limites
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              certos atque anguſtos poſita hæc eſt ra­
                <lb/>
              tio, quæ cum tractantium machinas peri­
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              culo coniuncta eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001008">Ille autem tutò & ma­
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              ximo cum impetu tractabit eas, & ictus di­
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              riget, qui qualem oportebit pro
                <expan abbr="machinarũ">machinarum</expan>
                <lb/>
              ratione puluerem efficiet & adminiſtrabit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001009">
                <margin.target id="marg97"/>
              Machinæ
                <lb/>
              bebbicæ è qua
                <lb/>
              materia
                <expan abbr="fiãt">fiant</expan>
              .</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001010">
                <margin.target id="marg98"/>
              Pyrij pulue­
                <lb/>
              ris compoſi­
                <lb/>
              tio.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001011">
                <margin.target id="marg99"/>
              Cur puluis
                <lb/>
              pyrius à ma­
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              china tanto
                <lb/>
              impetu
                <expan abbr="ſphe-rulã">ſphe­
                  <lb/>
                rulam</expan>
              mittat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001012">
                <margin.target id="marg100"/>
              Cauſa ſoni­
                <lb/>
              tus magni
                <lb/>
              machinarum
                <lb/>
              dum exone­
                <lb/>
              rantur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001013">Porrò eadem quæ machinarum, ſed ad­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg101"/>
                <lb/>
              mirabilior cuniculorum ratio eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001014">Huius tam
                <lb/>
              atrocis inuenti auctor fuit Franciſcus Geor­
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              gius Senenſis. </s>
              <s id="s.001015">Docuit hic Hiſpanos arcem
                <lb/>
              Lucullianam iuxta Neapolim, quam Galli
                <lb/>
              tuebantur, nunc Ouum vocatam, euerte­
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              re, æde illius ſacra cum Gallis, qui intus
                <lb/>
              erant, etiam in mare ex monte tranſlata.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001016">Ergo cùm arx maximè in monte iacet, vi­
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              detúrque ob ſitum inexpugnabilis, cu­
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              niculum effodiunt obliquum, altitudi­
                <lb/>
              nis quatuor cubitorum, latitudinis duo­
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              rum: nec multum refert obliquitas, dum
                <lb/>
              procul fueris: ſed cùm ad locum quem ſu­
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              bruere deſtinas perueneris, obliquum ſpe­
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              cum eſſe oportet, vt iuxta A, tum verò ibi
                <lb/>
              etiam ſolidam montis ſubſtantiam, ne vis
                <lb/>
                <figure id="id.016.01.029.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/029/1.jpg" number="22"/>
                <lb/>
              ignis concluſi raritate loci euaneſcat: inde
                <lb/>
              locus ille puluere totus fermè completur py­
                <lb/>
              rio, eóque tenuiſſimo. </s>
              <s id="s.001017">Funis verò deduci­
                <lb/>
              tur ex A, vſque ad ſpecus oſtium B, hic iux­
                <lb/>
              ta A, vbi puluis eſt, craſſus ac latus in mo­
                <lb/>
              dum flocci. </s>
              <s id="s.001018">Totus autem funis aceto, ſul­
                <lb/>
              phure & halinitro incoquitur: inde intectus
                <lb/>
              pyrio puluere, ſiccatur in ſole: denuò ſicca­
                <lb/>
              to inſpergitur tenuiſſimus puluis pyrius, &
                <lb/>
              arundine circumueſtitur ab A, vſque ad B:
                <lb/>
              inde cuneis, lapidibúſque C, oſtium, &
                <lb/>
              vſque ad D, clauditur adeò diligenter, vt
                <lb/>
              ſolius arundinis locus relinquatur. </s>
              <s id="s.001019">Igitur
                <lb/>
              accenſo B, funis initio, celerrimè ob pul­
                <lb/>
              uerem pyrium ignis vſque ad A, permeat,
                <lb/>
              accenditque puluerem totum: cúmque cu­
                <lb/>
              neis & lapidibus obſtructus locus ſit, nec ſi
                <lb/>
              extrudantur vllus pateat exitus, quia E, nec
                <lb/>
              eſt in directo A, nec D, in directo C, nec
                <lb/>
              B, in directo ED, neceſſarium eſt vt diſru­
                <lb/>
              pto monte, quicquid ſuperius eſt euertat,
                <lb/>
              totam montis molem concutiens. </s>
              <s id="s.001020">Ob id
                <lb/>
              viam BA,
                <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>
              breuem eſſe oportet: nec locum
                <lb/>
              A, aliqua ex tenui montis parte, ne qua
                <lb/>
              tenue eſſet obſtaculum ignis erumperet, ſu­
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              periorémque locum illæſum permittere.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001021">Obliquitas igitur ſpecu stanti miraculi cau­
                <lb/>
              ſa eſt, vt etiam montes euertantur. </s>
              <s id="s.001022">Refe­
                <lb/>
              runt hæc cuniculorum antiquam rationem
                <lb/>
              omnibus tunc notam: cùm & pari modo
                <lb/>
              obuiam tutiſſimè itur effoſſa è regione ter­
                <lb/>
              ra, vt cuniculis occurrentes ignem exhala­
                <lb/>
              re cogamus, & irritum illius impetum red­
                <lb/>
              damus. </s>
              <s id="s.001023">Vt verò rectè cuniculis occurramus,
                <lb/>
              docet ſonus fodientium, qui vaſis æneis cir­
                <lb/>
              cum circa iuxta aggerem intus diſpoſitis, per
                <lb/>
              noctis ſilentium excipitur. </s>
              <s id="s.001024">Et quamvis in­
                <lb/>
              fatigabili opere illum obſcurare inconditis
                <lb/>
              ſtrepitibus hoſtes nitantur: ſi tamen obſeſſi
                <lb/>
              accuratius atque diligentius rei incumbant
                <lb/>
              induſtria atque ſolertia, faba in auctorem
                <lb/>
              cudetur: ipſiſque doli auctoribus inuentum
                <lb/>
              damnoſius erit, quàm his aduerſus quos do­
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              lus hic excogitatus eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001025">Perilai boui ſimilem
                <lb/>
              exitum habens. </s>
              <s id="s.001026">Adde quòd perſæpe, vt in
                <lb/>
              Cunnei præſenti obſidione parum peritis
                <lb/>
              Ducibus ab eliſa murorum, & terræ mole
                <lb/>
              acies militum obruuntur, vt quaqua ver­
                <lb/>
              ſum, & quam longè caſura ſit præſcire opor­
                <lb/>
              teat. </s>
              <s id="s.001027">Porrò quomodo hæc docere conue­
                <lb/>
              niat, in libris de Æternitatis arcanis defini­
                <lb/>
              tum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001028">Sed cui nondum ratio ex libris illis
                <lb/>
              tradendi, vtendique non in bonorum perni­
                <lb/>
              ciem perſpecta fuerit, nepharij propoſiti eſt
                <lb/>
              etiam vulgata, nedum abdita, huius generis
                <lb/>
              tradere. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001029">
                <margin.target id="marg101"/>
              Cuniculo­
                <lb/>
              rum igneo­
                <lb/>
              rum quos
                <lb/>
              minas vo­
                <lb/>
              cant, ratio.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001030">Sed his relictis, rurſus ad ignis vim re­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg102"/>
                <lb/>
              deamus, ex qua non leues dubitationes or­
                <lb/>
              tum habent. </s>
              <s id="s.001031">Nam cùm dixerimus motu il­
                <lb/>
              lum conſeruari, cur, dicet aliquis, melius
                <lb/>
              ſub cineribus pruna ſeruatur quam detecta,
                <lb/>
              cùm cineres omnem prohibeant motum.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001031a"> Hæc facilis eſt dubitatio, atque ad hunc li­
                <lb/>
              brum minimè pertinens, in quo propoſitum
                <lb/>
              eſt, ſolum magna & difficillima ac pulcher­
                <lb/>
              rima perſequi. </s>
              <s id="s.001032">Quamobrem in poſterum à
                <lb/>
              talibus abſtinebo, qualis eſt hæc propoſita
                <lb/>
              dubitatio. </s>
              <s id="s.001033">Itaque illi reſpondere ſatis eſt,
                <lb/>
              ignem ſemper motum habere aliquem, ſed
                <lb/>
              prunas admodum tenuem, qui etiam ſub ci­
                <lb/>
              neribus maneat. </s>
              <s id="s.001034">Cùm igitur prunæ detectæ
                <lb/>
              ſunt, aër corrumpit ignem illum circum­
                <lb/>
              ſtans: mauult enim corrumpere quam cor­
                <lb/>
              rumpi: nec tam tenuis motus illum ſeruare
                <lb/>
              poteſt, verum contectus cinere, ab aëris
                <lb/>
              offenſa tutus eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001035">Itaque tribus modis ignis
                <lb/>
              ſeruatur: vel cum motum ex ſeipſo excitat,
                <lb/>
              vt in cereis, & generaliter vbi flamma mo­
                <lb/>
              tu ſuo ſeipſam tuetur: vel cùm aliunde mo­
                <lb/>
              tu fouetur, vt flante vento, vel follibus,
                <lb/>
              vnde magna incendia fermè omnia dum
                <lb/>
              venti validi flarent, facta ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.001036">Tertiò, cùm
                <lb/>
              tutus eſt ab aëre, ſic tamen vt reſpirare poſ­
                <lb/>
              ſit, velut ſub cineribus. </s>
              <s id="s.001037">Nec refert an cine­
                <lb/>
              res alieni ſint, an vt in quibuſdam lignis
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg103"/>
                <lb/>
              contingit, illos ſibi circumcirca paret. </s>
              <s id="s.001038">Alia
                <lb/>
              eſt etiam dubitatio cur ignem magis ſolea­
                <lb/>
              mus dicere ſubſtantiam quam glaciem: nam
                <lb/>
              nemo glaciem ſubſtantiam dixit, ignem </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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