Castelli, Benedetto, Of the mensuration of running waters, 1661

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              <s>
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              difficulty proceedeth from the waters of
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              Fiume morto
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              being low,
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              and the fields drained.</s>
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              <s>4. As to the particular of the Cauſes that you tell me men
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              preſs ſo much unto the moſt
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              Serene Grand Duke,
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              and to the
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              Prince, I have not much to ſay, becauſe it is not my profeſſion;
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              nor have I conſidered of the ſame: Yet I believe, that when the
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              Prince and his Highneſſe ſee the benefit of his People and Sub­
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              jects in one ſcale of the Ballance, and the accomodation of
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              Huntſmen in the other, his Highneſſe will incline to the profit
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              of his ſubjects; ſuch have I alwayes found his Clemency and
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              Nobleneſſe of minde. </s>
              <s>But if I were to put in my vote upon
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              this buſineſſe, I would ſay, that the points of Spears, and the
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              mouths of Guns, the yelping of Dogs, the wilyneſſe of Huntſ­
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              men, who run thorow and narrowly ſearch all thoſe Woods,
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              Thickets and Heathes, are the true deſtroyers of Bucks and
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              Boares, and not a little Salt-water, which ſetleth at laſt in ſome
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              low places, and ſpreadeth not very far. </s>
              <s>Yet nevertheleſſe, I will
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              not enter upon any ſuch point, but confine my ſelf ſolely to the
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              buſineſſe before me.</s>
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              <s>5. That Experiment of joyning together the water of
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              Fiume
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              morto,
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              and that of
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              Serchio
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              by a little trench to ſee what advan­
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              tage the Level E hath upon the Level I, doth not give me full
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              ſatisfaction, taken ſo particularly, for it may come to paſſe, that
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              ſometimes E may be higher, and ſometimes A lower, and I do
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              not queſtion but that when
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              Serchio
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              is low, and
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              Fiume morto
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              full
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              of Water, the level of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Fiume morto
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              will be higher than that of
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Serchio.
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              But
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              Serchio
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              being full, and
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              Fiume morto
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              ſcant of Wa­
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              ter, the contrary will follow, if the Mouth ſhall be opened to
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              the Sea. </s>
              <s>And here it ſhould ſeem to me, that it ought to be
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              conſidered, that there is as much advantage from E to the Sea
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              through the little Trench opened anew into
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              Serchio,
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              as from E to
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              the Sea by the Mouth of
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              Fiume morto.
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              But the difficulty (which
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              is that we are to regard in our caſe) is, that the courſe of the
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              Waters thorow the Trench is three times longer than the courſe
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              of the Mouth of
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              Fiums morto,
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              as appeareth by the Draught or
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              Plat which you ſent me, which I know to be very exactly drawn,
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              for that the ſituation of thoſe places are freſh in my memory.
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              </s>
              <s>Here I muſt give notice, that the waters of
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              Fiume morto
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              determi­
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              ning thorow the Trench in
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              Serchio
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              (the waters of which
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Fiume
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              morto
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              are, for certain, never ſo low as the Sea) their pendency or
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              declivity ſhall, for two cauſes, be leſſe than the pendency of thoſe
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              waters through the Mouth towards the Sea, that is, becauſe of
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              the length of the line through the Trench, and becauſe of the
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              height of their entrance into
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              Serchio,
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              a thing which is of very
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              great import in diſcharging the waters which come ſuddenly, as </s>
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