Galilei, Galileo
,
Discourse concerning the natation of bodies
,
1663
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below the Levell of the water, almoſt twenty times the thickneſs
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of the Plate, as I ſhall anon declare.</
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Bodies of all
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Figures, laid
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on the water, do
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penetrate its
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Craſſitude, and
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in what
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tion.</
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>But let us proceed to evince, that the water yields and ſufters it
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ſelf to be penetrated by every the lighteſt Body; and therewithall
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demonſtrate, how, even by Matters that ſubmerge not, we may
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come to know that Figure operates nothing about the going or
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not going to the Bottom, ſeeing that the water ſuffers it ſelf to be
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penetrated equally by every Figure.</
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>Make a Cone, or a Piramis of Cypreſs, of Firre, or of other
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Wood of like Gravity, or of pure Wax, and let its height be
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what great, namely a handfull, or more, and put it into the water
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with the Baſe downwards: firſt, you ſhall ſee that it will penetrate
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the water, nor ſhall it be at all impeded by the largeneſs of the Baſe,
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nor yet ſhall it ſink all under water, but the part towards the point
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ſhall lye above it: by which ſhall be manifeſt, firſt, that that Solid
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forbeares not to ſink out of an inabillity to divide the Continuity
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of the water, having already divided it with its broad part, that in
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the opinion of the Adverſaries is the leſs apt to make the diviſion.
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>The Piramid being thus fixed, note what part of it ſhall be
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merged, and revert it afterwards with the point downwards, and
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you ſhall ſee that it ſhall not dive into the water more than before,
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but if you obſerve how far it ſhall ſink, every perſon expert in
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Geometry, may meaſure, that thoſe parts that remain out of the
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water, both in the one and in the other Experiment are equall to
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an hair: whence he may manifeſtly conclude, that the acute Figure
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which ſeemed moſt apt to part and penetrate the water, doth not
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part or penetrate it more than the large and ſpacious.</
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The
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ment of a Cone,
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demitted with
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its Baſe, and
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ter with its
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Point
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wards.</
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>And he that would have a more eaſie Experiment, let him take
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two Cylinders of the ſame Matter, one long and ſmall, and the
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ther ſhert, but very broad, and let him put them in the water, not
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diſtended, but erect and endways: he ſhall ſee, if he diligently
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meaſure the parts of the one and of the other, that in each of them
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the part ſubmerged, retains exactly the ſame proportion to that
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out of the water, and that no greater part is ſubmerged of that
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long and ſmall one, than of the other more ſpacious and broad:
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howbeit, this reſts upon a very large, and that upon a very little
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Superficies of water: therefore the diverſity of Figure, occaſioneth
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neither facility, nor difficulty, in parting and penetrating the
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tinuity of the water; and, conſequently, cannot be the Cauſe of the
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Natation or Submerſion. </
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>He may likewiſe diſcover the
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operating of variety of Figures, in ariſing from the Bottom of the
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water, towards the Surface, by taking Wax, and tempering it with
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a competent quantity of the filings of Lead, ſo that it may become
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a conſiderable matter graver than the water: then let him make </
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