Galilei, Galileo, Discourse concerning the natation of bodies, 1663

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1
Place defined
according to
Ariſtotle.
The which is again made manifest, by the queſtions being put as well
about the things which go to the Bottom, as thoſe which ariſe from the
Bottom to ſwimme, and who ſees not that things placed in the Bottom,
muſt have water about them.
It is now to be noted, that the Board of Ebany and the Ball, put

into the water, both ſink, but the Ball more ſwiftly, and the Board
more ſlowly; and ſlower and ſlower, according as it ſhall be more
broad and thin, and of this Tardity the breadth of the Figure is the
true Cauſe: But theſe broad Boards that ſlowly deſcend, are the
ſame, that being put lightly upon the water, do ſwimm: Therefore,
if that were true which the Adverſaries affirm, the ſame numerical
Figure, would in the ſame numericall water, cauſe one while Reſt, and
another while Tardity of Motion, which is impoſſible: for every

ticular Figure which deſcends to the Bottom, hath of neceſſity its own
determinate Tardity and ſlowneſs, proper and naturall unto it,
ding to which it moveth, ſo that every other Tardity, greater or leſſer
is improper to its nature: if, therefore, a Board, as ſuppoſe of a foot
ſquare, deſcendeth naturally with ſix degrees of Tardity, it is
ble, that it ſhould deſcend with ten or twenty, unleſs ſome new
diment do arreſt it.
Much leſs can it, by reaſon of the ſame Figure
reſt, and wholly ceaſe to move; but it is neceſſary, that when ever it
reſteth, there do ſome greater impediment intervene than the breadth
of the Figure.
Therefore, it muſt be ſomewhat elſe, and not the
gure, that ſtayeth the Board of Ebany above water, of which Eigure
the only Effect is the retardment of the Motion, according to which
it deſcendeth more ſlowly than the Ball.
Let it be confeſſed,
fore, rationally diſcourſing, that the true and ſole Cauſe of the Ebanys
going to the Bottom, is the exceſs of its Gravity above the Gravity of
the water: and the Cauſe of the greater or leſs Tardity, the breadth
of this Figure, or the contractedneſs of that: but of its Reſt, it can
by no means be allowed, that the quallity of the Figure, is the Cauſe
thereof: aſwell, becauſe, making the Tardity greater, according as
the Figure more dilateth, there cannot be ſo immenſe a Dilatation, to
which there may not be found a correſpondent immence Tardity.
without reduſing it to Nullity of Motion; as, becauſe the Figures
produced by the Antagoniſts for effecters of Reſt, are the ſelf ſame
that do alſo go to the
The
on of the
riment in the
Ebany.
Every perticular
Figure hath its
own peculiat
Tardity.
* The Figure &
Reſiſtance of
the Medium
gainſt Diviſion,
have nothing to
do with the
fect of Natation
or Submerſion,
by an
ment in
nut tree,
I will not omit another reaſon, founded alſo upon Experience, and
if I deceive not my ſelf, manifeſtly concluding, how that the
ducton of the breadth or amplitude of Figure, and the Reſiſtance of
the water againſt penetration, have nothing to do in the Effect of
ſcending, or aſcending, or reſting in the water. ^{*}Take a piece of wood
or other Matter, of which a Ball aſcends from the Bottom of the water

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