Galilei, Galileo, Discourse concerning the natation of bodies, 1663

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1the height of the emergent Point ſhall be double to the height of the
Rampart.
This that hath been demonſtrated in Cones, exactly holds
in Piramides, although the one or the other ſhould be very ſharp in

their Point or Cuſpis: From whence we conclude, that the ſame
Accident ſhall ſo much the more eaſily happen in all other Figures,
by how much the leſs ſharp the Tops ſhall be, in which they
mine, being aſſiſted by more ſpacious Ramparts.
Natatiou
eſt effected in
Figures broad
toward the top.
THEOREME
All Figures ſink
or ſwim, upon
bathing or not
bathing of their
tops.
All Figures, therefore, of whatever greatneſſe, may
go, and not go, to the Bottom, according as their
ties or Tops ſhall be bathed or not bathed.
And this Accident being common to all ſorts of Figures, without
exception of ſo much as one.
Figure hath, therefore, no part
in the production of this Effect, of ſometimes ſinking, and
times again not ſinking, but only the being ſometimes conjoyned
to, and ſometimes ſeperated from, the ſupereminent Air: which
cauſe, in fine, who ſo ſhall rightly, and, as we ſay, with both his
Eyes, conſider this buſineſs, will find that it is reduced to, yea, that
it really is the ſame with, the true, Naturall and primary cauſe of
Natation or Submerſion; to wit, the exceſs or deficiency of the
Gravity of the water, in relation to the Gravity of that Solid
nitude, that is demitted into the water.
For like as a Plate of Lead,
as thick as the back of a Knife, which being put into the water by it
ſelf alone goes to the bottom, if upon it you faſten a piece of Cork
four fingers thick, doth continue afloat, for that now the Solid that
is demitted in the water, is not, as before, more grave than the water,
but leſs, ſo the Board of Ebony, of its own nature more grave than
water; and, therefore, deſcending to the bottom, when it is
ted by it ſelf alone into the water, if it ſhall be put upon the water,
conjoyned with an Expanded vail of Air, that together with the
Ebony doth deſcend, and that it be ſuch, as that it doth make with
it a compound leſs grave than ſo much water in Maſs, as equalleth
the Maſs already ſubmerged and depreſſed beneath the Levell of the
waters Surface, it ſhall not deſcend any farther, but ſhall reſt, for
no other than the univerſall and moſt common cauſe, which is that
Solid Magnitudes, leſs grave inſpecie than the water, go not to the
bottom.
So that if one ſhould take a Plate of Lead, as for Example, a finger
thick, and an handfull broad every way, and ſhould attempt to make
it ſwimme, with putting it lightly on the water, he would loſe his
Labour, becauſe that if it ſhould be depreſſed an Hairs breadth

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