Galilei, Galileo, Discourse concerning the natation of bodies, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="465"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              to move,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              and ſeperated from the Noun
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Cauſes,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              the which is a great
                <lb/>
              preſumption in my favour, ſeeing that the writing and the Text
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              ſaith, Figures are not the Cauſe of moving ſimply upwards or
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              downwards, but of quicker or ſlower Motion: and, ſaith not,
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              Figures are not ſimply the Cauſes of moving upwards or
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              wards, and when the words of a Text receive, tranſpoſed, a ſence
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              different from that which they found, taken in the order wherein
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              the Author diſpoſeth them, it is not convenient to inverte them.
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              </s>
              <s>And who will affirm that
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ariſtotle
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              deſiring to write a Propoſition,
                <lb/>
              would diſpoſe the words in ſuch ſort, that they ſhould import a
                <lb/>
              different, nay, a contrary ſence? </s>
              <s>contrary, I ſay, becauſe
                <lb/>
              ſtood as they are written; they ſay, that Figures are not the
                <lb/>
              Cauſes of Motion, but inverted, they ſay, that Figures are the
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              Cauſes of Motion, &c.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Moreover, if the intent of
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Aristotle
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              had been to ſay, that Figures
                <lb/>
              are not ſimply the Cauſes of moving upwards or downwards, but
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              only Cauſes
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Secundum quid,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              he would not have adjoyned thoſe
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              words,
                <emph type="italics"/>
              but they are Cauſes of the more ſwift or ſlow Motion
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ; yea, the
                <lb/>
              ſubjoining this would have been not only ſuperfluous but falſe, for
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              that the whole tenour of the Propoſition would import thus much.
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              </s>
              <s>Figures are not the abſolute Cauſes of moving upwards or
                <lb/>
              wards, but are the abſolute Cauſe of the ſwift or ſlow Motion;
                <lb/>
              which is not true: becauſe the primary Cauſes of greater or leſſer
                <lb/>
              Velocity, are by
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ariſtotle
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              in the 4th of his
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Phyſicks, Text.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              71.
                <lb/>
              buted to the greater or leſſer Gravity of Moveables, compared
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              mong themſelves, and to the greater or leſſer Reſiſtance of the
                <lb/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Medium's,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              depending on their greater or leſs Craſſitude: and theſe
                <lb/>
              are inſerted by
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ariſtotle
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              as the primary Cauſes; and theſe two only
                <lb/>
              are in that place nominated: and Figure comes afterwards to be
                <lb/>
              conſidered,
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Text.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              74. rather as an Inſtrumentall Cauſe of the force
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              of the Gravity, the which divides either with the Figure, or with
                <lb/>
              the
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Impetus
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ; and, indeed, Figure by it ſelf without the force of
                <lb/>
              Gravity or Levity, would opperate nothing.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>Iadde, that if
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ariſtotle
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              had an opinion that Figure had been in
                <lb/>
              ſome ſort the Cauſe of moving or not moving, the inquiſition
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              which he makes immediately in a doubtfull manner, whence it
                <lb/>
              comes, that a Plate of Lead flotes, would have been impertinent;
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              for if but juſt before he had ſaid, that Figure was in a certain ſort
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              the Cauſe of moving or not moving, he needed not to call in
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              Queſtion, by what Cauſe the Plate of Lead ſwims, and then
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              bing the Cauſe to its Figure; and framing a diſcourſe in this manner.
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              </s>
              <s>Figure is a Cauſe
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Secundum quid
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              of not ſinking: but, now, if it be
                <lb/>
              doubted, for what Cauſe a thin Plate of Lead goes not to the bottom;
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              it ſhall be anſwered, that that proceeds from its Figure: a diſcourſe </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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