Galilei, Galileo, Discourse concerning the natation of bodies, 1663

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      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="471"/>
              that without them would go to the bottom: Of which two Pofitions,
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              I eſteem the ſecond to be true, underſtanding it of water, conſtituted
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              in its naturall Coldneſs. </s>
              <s>But if we take a Veſſel of Glaſs, or Braſs,
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              or any other hard matter, full of cold water, within which is put a
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              Solid of a flat or concave Figure, but that in Gravity exceeds the
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              water ſo little, that it goes ſlowly to the bottom; I ſay, that putting
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              ſome burning Coals under the ſaid Veſſel, as ſoon as the new Fiery
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              Atomes ſhall have penetrated the ſubſtance of the Veſſel, they ſhall
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              without doubt, aſcend through that of the water, and thruſting
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              gainſt the foreſaid Solid, they ſhall drive it to the Superficies, and
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              there detain it, as long as the incurſions of the ſaid Corpuſcles ſhall
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              laſt, which ceaſing after the removall of the Fire, the Solid being
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              bandoned by its ſupporters, ſhall return to the bottom.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1539"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Democritus
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              futed by the
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              Authour.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>But
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Democritus
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              notes, that this Caufe only takes place when we
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              treat of raiſing and ſuſtaining of Plates of Matters, but very little
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              heavier than the water, or extreamly thin: but in Matters very
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              grave, and of ſome thickneſs, as Plates of Lead or other Mettal, that
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              ſame Effect wholly ceaſeth: In Teſtimony of which, let's obſerve
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              that ſuch Plates, being raiſed by the Fiery Atomes, aſcend through
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              all the depth of the water, and ſtop at the Confines of the Air, ſtill
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              ſtaying under water: but the Plates of the Opponents ſtay not, but
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              only when they have their upper Superficies dry, nor is there any
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              means to be uſed, that when they are within the water, they may
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              not ſink to the bottom. </s>
              <s>The cauſe, therefore, of the Supernatation
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              of the things of which
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Democritus
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ſpeaks is one, and that of the
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              natation of the things of which we ſpeak is another. </s>
              <s>But, returning
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1540"/>
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              to
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ariſtotle,
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              methinks that he hath more weakly confuted
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Democritus,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              than
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Democritus
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              himſelf hath done: For
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ariſtotle
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              having propounded
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              the Objection which he maketh againſt him, and oppoſed him with
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              ſaying, that if the calid aſcendent Corpuſcles were thoſe that raiſed
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              the thin Plate, much more then would ſuch a Solid be raiſed and
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              born upwards through the Air, it ſheweth that the deſire in
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ariſtotle
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              to detect
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Democritus,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              was predominate over the exquiſiteneſs of Solid
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              Philoſophizing: which deſire of his he hath diſcovered in other
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              caſions, and that we may not digreſs too far from this place, in the
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              Text precedent to this Chapter which we have in hand; where he
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg1541"/>
                <lb/>
              attempts to confute the ſame
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Democritus,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              for that he, not
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              ing himſelf with names only, had eſſayed more particularly to
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              clare what things Gravity and Levity were; that is, the Cauſes of
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              deſcending and aſcending, (and had introduced Repletion and
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              cuity) aſcribing this to Fire, by which it moves upwards, and that to
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              the Earth, by which it deſcends; afterwards attributing to the
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              Air more of Fire, and to the water more of Earth. </s>
              <s>But
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Ariſtotle
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
                <lb/>
              deſiring a poſitive Cauſe, even of aſcending Motion, and not as
                <emph type="italics"/>
              Plato,
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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