Galilei, Galileo, The systems of the world, 1661

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SIMPL. The queſtion which you have ſo caſually ſtarted, is one
of
the moſt difficulty that is diſputed in Philoſophy; and I have
on
that ſubject moſt excellent conceits of a very learned Doctor
of
Padoua, but it is not now time to enter upon them. Therefore
returning
to our purpoſe, I ſay that the Moon, in my opinion, is
much
more ſolid than the Earth, but do not infer the ſame, as you
do
, from the craggineſs and montuoſity of its ſuperficies; but

rather
from the contrary, namely, from its aptitude to receive (as
we
ſee it experimented in the hardeſt ſtones) a poliſh and luſtre
exceeding
that of the ſmootheſt glaſs, for ſuch neceſſarily muſt
its
ſuperficies be, to render it apt to make ſo lively reflection of
the
Suns rays.
And for thoſe appearances which you mention,
of
Mountains, Cliffs, Hills, Valleys, &c. they are all illuſions:
and
I have been preſent at certain publick diſputes, where I have
heard
it ſtrongly maintained againſt theſe introducers of novelties,

that
ſuch appearances proceed from nothing elſe, but from the
equal
diſtribution of the opacous and perſpicuous parts, of which
the
Moon is inwardly and outwardly compoſed: as we ſee it
often
fall out in chryſtal, amber, and many other precious ſtones
of
perfect luſtre; in which by reaſon of the opacity of ſome parts,
and
the tranſparency of others, there doth appear ſeveral
vities
and prominencies.
In the fourth reſemblance, I grant, that
the
ſuperficies of Terreſtrial Globe beheld from afar, would make
two
different appearances, namely, one more clear, the other more
dark
; but I believe that ſuch diverſity would ſucceed quite
trary
to what you ſay; that is, I hold that the ſurface of the
ter
would appear lucid, becauſe that it is ſmooth and tranſparent;
and
that of the Earth would appear obſcure, by reaſon of its
pacity
and ſcabroſity, ill accommodated for reflecting the light of
the
Sun.
Concernïng the fifth compariſon, I grant it wholly, and
am
able, in caſe the Earth did ſhine as the Moon, to ſhow the
ſame
to any one that ſhould from thence above behold it,

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