Galilei, Galileo, The systems of the world, 1661

Table of figures

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              the firſt was tenebrous: whereupon that which happened before
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              concerning the differences of dayes and nights, touching the
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              dayes being greater or leſſer than the nights, now falls out quite
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              contrary. </s>
              <s>And firſt, we ſee, that whereas in the firſt Figure the
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              circle I K was wholly in the light, it is now wholly in the dark;
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              and the oppoſite arch L M is now wholly in the light, which
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              was before wholly in the dark. </s>
              <s>Of the parallels between the
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              grand circle C D, and the Pole A, the ſemidiurnal arches are now
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              leſſer than the ſeminocturnal, which before were the contrary.
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              <s>Of the others likewiſe towards the Pole B, the ſemidiurnal
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              es are now bigger than the ſeminocturnal, the contrary to what
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              happened in the other poſition of the Earth. </s>
              <s>We now ſee the
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              Sun made vertical to the inhabitants of the Tropick G N, and to
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              be depreſſed towards the South, with thoſe of the Parallel E F,
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              by all the arch E C G, that is, 47 degrees; and in ſumme, to have
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              paſſed from one to the other Tropick, traverſing the Equinoctial,
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              elevating and declining in the Meridians the ſaid ſpace of 47
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              grees. </s>
              <s>And all this mutation is derived not from the inclination
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              or elevation of the Earth, but on the contrary, from its not
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              clining or elevating at all; and in a word, by continuing always
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              in the ſame poſition, in reſpect of the Univerſe, onely with
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              ing about the Sun ſituate iu the midſt of the ſaid plane, in which
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              it moveth it ſelf about circularly with its annual motion. </s>
              <s>And
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              here is to be noted an admirable accident, which is, that like as
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              the Axis of the Earth conſerving the ſame direction towards the
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              Univerſe, or we may ſay, towards the higheſt Sphere of the fixed
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              ſtars, cauſeth the Sun to appear to elevate and incline ſo great a
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              ſpace, namely, for 47 degrees, and the fixed Stars to incline or
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              levate nothing at all; ſo, on the contrary, if the ſame Axis of
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              the Earth ſhould maintain it ſelf continually in the ſame
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              tion towards the Sun, or, if you will, towards the Axis of the
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              Zodiack, no mutation would appear to be made in the Sun about
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              its elevating or declining, whereupon the inhabitants of one and
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              the ſame place would alwayes have one and the ſame difference
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              of dayes and nights, and one and the ſame conſtitution of
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              ſons, that is, ſome alwayes Winter, others alwayes Summer,
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              others Spring, &c. </s>
              <s>but, on the contrary, the alterations in the
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              fixed Stars would appear very great, as touching their elevation,
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              and inclination to us, which would amount to the ſame 47
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              grees. </s>
              <s>For the underſtanding of which let us return to conſider
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              the poſition of the Earth, in its firſt Figure, where we ſee the
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              Axis A B, with the ſuperiour Pole A, to incline towards the Sun;
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              but in its third Figure, the ſame Axis having kept the ſame
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              ction towards the higheſt Sphere, by keeping parallel to it ſelf,
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              inclines no longer towards the Sun with its ſuperiour Pole A, but </s>
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