Heron Alexandrinus, Pneumatica, 1899

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap n="proem">
            <p n="2">
              <s id="id.000055">
                <pb pagenum="26"/>
                <lb n="proem,304"/>
              ματική. </s>
              <s id="id.000056">ἐπεὶ πῶς ἂν αἱ τοῦ ἡλίου ἀκτῖνες διὰ τοῦ
                <lb n="proem,305"/>
              ὕδατος διεξέπιπτον εἰς τὸν τοῦ ἀγγείου πυθμένα; εἰ
                <lb n="proem,306"/>
              γὰρ τὸ ὑγρὸν μὴ εἶχε πόρους, ἀλλὰ βίᾳ διέστελλον αἱ
                <lb n="proem,307"/>
              αὐγαὶ τὸ ὕδωρ, συνέβαινεν ἂν ὑπερεκχεῖσθαι τὰ πλήρη
                <lb n="proem,308"/>
              τῶν ἀγγείων· ὅπερ οὐ φαίνεται γινόμενον. </s>
              <s id="id.000057">ἔτι δὲ καὶ
                <lb n="proem,309"/>
              ταύτῃ φανερόν· εἰ γὰρ βίᾳ τὸ ὕδωρ διέστελλον, οὐκ
                <lb n="proem,310"/>
              ἂν τῶν ἀκτίνων αἱ μὲν ἀνεκλῶντο πρὸς τὸν ἄνω
                <lb n="proem,311"/>
              τόπον, αἱ δὲ καὶ κάτω διεξέπιπτον. </s>
              <s id="id.000058">νυνὶ δὲ ὅσαι μὲν
                <lb n="proem,312"/>
              προσκόπτουσιν αὐγαὶ τοῖς τοῦ ὕδατος μορίοις, ὥσπερ
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              ἀνακρουόμεναι ἀνακλῶνται πρὸς τὸν ἄνω τόπον· ὅσαι
                <lb n="proem,314"/>
              δὲ εἰς τὰ κενὰ τοῦ ὕδατος ἐμπίπτουσιν, ὀλίγοις προσ­
                <lb n="proem,315"/>
              πίπτουσαι μορίοις αὗται διεκπίπτουσιν εἰς τὸ τοῦ
                <lb n="proem,316"/>
              ἀγγείου ἔδαφος. </s>
              <s id="id.000059">ἔτι δὲ καὶ ταύτῃ φανερόν, ὡς ἐν τῷ
                <lb n="proem,317"/>
              ὕδατι ὑπάρχει κενά, τῷ τὸν ἐμβαλλόμενον οἶνον εἰς
                <lb n="proem,318"/>
              τὸ ὕδωρ ὁρᾶσθαι κατὰ χύσιν εἰς πάντα τόπον τοῦ
                <lb n="proem,319"/>
              ὕδατος χωροῦντα. </s>
              <s id="id.000060">τοῦτο δὲ οὐκ ἂν ἐγίνετο, μὴ ὄντων
                <lb n="proem,320"/>
              ἐν τῷ ὕδατι κενῶν. </s>
              <s id="id.000061">φέρεται δὲ καὶ τὸ φῶς τὸ ἕτερον
                <lb n="proem,321"/>
              διὰ τοῦ ἑτέρου· ὅταν γάρ τις πλείους ἅψῃ λύχνους,
                <lb n="proem,322"/>
              ἅπαντα φωτίζεται μᾶλλον, τῶν αὐγῶν πάντῃ φερο­
                <lb n="proem,323"/>
              μένων δι' ἀλλήλων. </s>
              <s id="id.000062">ἀλλὰ μὴν καὶ διὰ χαλκοῦ καὶ
                <lb n="proem,324"/>
              σιδήρου καὶ τῶν ἄλλων ἁπάντων διεκπίπτει σωμάτων,
                <lb n="proem,325"/>
              καθάπερ καὶ τὸ ἐπὶ τῆς νάρκης τῆς θαλασσίας γινό­
                <lb n="proem,326"/>
              μενον. </s>
              <s id="id.000063">ὅτι δὲ καὶ ἄθρουν κενὸν γίνεται παρὰ φύσιν,
                <lb n="proem,327"/>
              δέδεικται διά τε τοῦ προσφερομένου τῷ στόματι κούφου
                <lb n="proem,328"/>
              ἀγγείου καὶ διὰ τοῦ ἰατρικοῦ ᾠοῦ. </s>
              <s id="id.000064">περὶ μὲν οὖν τῆς
                <lb n="proem,329"/>
              τοῦ κενοῦ φύσεως καὶ ἄλλων πολλῶν οὐσῶν ἀποδείξεων,
                <lb n="proem,330"/>
              ἱκανὰς εἶναι καὶ τὰς εἰρημένας νομίζομεν· καὶ γὰρ δι'
                <lb n="proem,331"/>
              αὐτῶν τῶν αἰσθητῶν τὰς ἀποδείξεις ἐποιησάμεθα. </s>
              <s id="id.000065">ἐπὶ </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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