Heron Alexandrinus, Pneumatica, 1899
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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap n="proem">
            <p n="2">
              <s id="id.000009">
                <pb pagenum="6"/>
                <lb n="proem,42"/>
              πρὸ τοῦ τρυπῆσαι τὸν πυθμένα ἐάν τις ὀρθὸν ἐκ τοῦ
                <lb n="proem,43"/>
              ὕδατος τὸ ἀγγεῖον ἐπάρῃ, ἀνατρέψας ὄψεται πᾶσαν
                <lb n="proem,44"/>
              τὴν ἐντὸς τοῦ ἀγγείου ἐπιφάνειαν καθαρὰν ἀπὸ τοῦ
                <lb n="proem,45"/>
              ὑγροῦ, καθάπερ ἦν καὶ πρὸ τοῦ τεθῆναι. </s>
              <s id="id.000010">διὸ δὴ ὑπο­
                <lb n="proem,46"/>
              ληπτέον εἶναι σῶμα τὸν ἀέρα. </s>
              <s id="id.000011">γίνεται δὲ πνεῦμα
                <lb n="proem,47"/>
              κινηθείς· οὐδὲν γὰρ ἕτερόν ἐστι τὸ πνεῦμα ἢ κινού­
                <lb n="proem,48"/>
              μενος ἀήρ. </s>
              <s id="id.000012">ἐὰν γοῦν τετρυπημένου τοῦ ἀγγείου κατὰ
                <lb n="proem,49"/>
              τὸν πυθμένα καὶ εἰσπίπτοντος τοῦ ὕδατος παραθῇ τις
                <lb n="proem,50"/>
              τῷ τρυπήματι τὴν χεῖρα, αἰσθήσεται τὸ πνεῦμα ἐκπῖ­
                <lb n="proem,51"/>
              πτον ἐκ τοῦ ἀγγείου· τοῦτο δὲ οὐκ ἄλλο τί ἐστιν ἢ ὁ
                <lb n="proem,52"/>
              ἐκκρουόμενος ὑπὸ τοῦ ὕδατος ἀήρ. </s>
              <s id="id.000013">οὐχ ὑποληπτέον
                <lb n="proem,53"/>
              οὖν ἐν τοῖς οὖσι κενοῦ τινα φύσιν ἀθρόαν αὐτὴν καθ'
                <lb n="proem,54"/>
              ἑαυτὴν ὑπάρχειν, παρεσπαρμένην δὲ κατὰ μικρὰ μόρια
                <lb n="proem,55"/>
              τῷ τε ἀέρι καὶ τῷ ὑγρῷ καὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις σώμασιν, εἰ
                <lb n="proem,56"/>
              μὴ ἄρα τὸν ἀδάμαντα μόνον μὴ κοινωνεῖν [2εἴποι τισ]2
                <lb n="proem,57"/>
              τῇ τοῦ κενοῦ φύσει διὰ τὸ μήτε πύρωσιν ἐπιδέχεσθαι
                <lb n="proem,58"/>
              μήτε διακόπτεσθαι, τυπτόμενον δὲ εἰς τοὺς ἄκμονας
                <lb n="proem,59"/>
              καὶ τὰς σφύρας ὅλον ἐνδύεσθαι. </s>
              <s id="id.000014">τοῦτο δὲ αὐτῷ παρα­
                <lb n="proem,60"/>
              κολουθεῖ διὰ τὴν συνεχῆ πυκνότητα· τὰ γὰρ τοῦ πυρὸς
                <lb n="proem,61"/>
              σώματα παχυμερέστερα ὄντα τῶν ἐν τῷ λίθῳ κενῶν
                <lb n="proem,62"/>
              οὐ παρεισέρχεται, ἀλλὰ μόνον ἐπιψαύει τῆς ἐκτὸς ἐπι­
                <lb n="proem,63"/>
              φανείας· διόπερ μὴ προκατεισδύνοντα ἐντὸς καθάπερ
                <lb n="proem,64"/>
              ἐπὶ τῶν ἄλλων σωμάτων οὐδὲ δέχεται θερμότητα. </s>
              <s id="id.000015">τὰ δὲ
                <lb n="proem,65"/>
              τοῦ ἀέρος σώματα συνερείδει μὲν πρὸς ἄλληλα, οὐ
                <lb n="proem,66"/>
              κατὰ πᾶν δὲ μέρος ἐφαρμόζει, ἀλλ' ἔχει τινὰ διαστή­
                <lb n="proem,67"/>
              ματα μεταξὺ κενὰ καθάπερ ἡ ἐν τοῖς αἰγιαλοῖς ψάμμος.
                <lb n="proem,68"/>
              </s>
              <s id="id.000016">τὰ μὲν οὖν τῆς ψάμμου μόρια τοῖς τοῦ ἀέρος σώμασιν </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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