Newton, Isaac, Philosophia naturalis principia mathematica, 1713

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                  LIBER
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                  TERTIUS.</s>
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                  DE MUNDI
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                  SYSTEMATE</s>
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                  <s>Vapores autem, qui ſpatiis tam immenſis implendis ſufficiant,
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                  ex Cometarum Atmoſphæris oriri poſſe, intelligetur ex ratitate
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                  Aeris noſtri. </s>
                  <s>Nam Aer juxta ſuperficiem Terræ ſpatium occupat
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                  quaſi 850 partibus majus quam Aqua ejuſdem ponderis, ideoque
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                  Aeris columna cylindrica pedes 850 alta, ejuſdem eſt ponderis
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                  cum Aquæ columna pedali latitudinis ejuſdem. </s>
                  <s>Columna autem
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                  Aeris ad ſummitatem Atmoſphæræ aſſurgens æquat pondere ſuo
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                  colurnnam Aquæ pedes 33 altam circiter; & propterea ſi colum­
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                  næ totius Aereæ pars inferior pedum 850 altitudinis dematur,
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                  pars reliqua ſuperior æquabit pondere ſuo columnam Aquæ altam
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                  pedes 32. Inde vero (ex Hypotheſi multis experimentis confir­
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                  mata, quod compreſſio Aeris ſit ut pondus Atmoſphæræ incum­
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                  bentis, quodque gravitas ſit reciproce ut quadratum diſtantiæ lo­
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                  eorum a centro Terræ) computationem per Corol. </s>
                  <s>Prop. </s>
                  <s>XXII.
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                  Lib. </s>
                  <s>II. ineundo, inveni quod Aer, ſi aſcendatur a ſuperficie
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                  Terræ ad altitudinem ſemidiametri unius terreſtris, rarior ſit quam
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                  apud nos in ratione longe majori, quam ſpatii omnis infra Or­
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                  bem Saturni ad globum diametro digiti unius deſcriptum. </s>
                  <s>Ideo­
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                  que globus Aeris noſtri digitum unum latus, ea cum raritate
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                  quam haberet in altitudine ſemidiametri unius terreſtris, impleret
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                  omnes Planetarum regiones ad uſque ſphæram Saturni & longe
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                  ultra. </s>
                  <s>Proinde cum Aer adhuc altior in immenſum rareſcat; &
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                  coma ſeu Atmoſphæra Cometæ, aſcendendo ab illius centro, quaſi
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                  decuplo altior ſit quam ſuperficies nuclei, deinde cauda adhuc
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                  altius aſcendat, debebit cauda eſſe quam rariſſima. </s>
                  <s>Et quamvis,
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                  ob longe craſſiorem Cometarum Atmoſphæram, magnamque cor­
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                  porum gravitationem Solem verſus, & gravitationem particula­
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                  rum Aeris & vaporum in ſe mutuo, fieri poſſit ut Aer in ſpatiis
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                  cœleſtibus inque Cometarum caudis non adeo rareſcat; perexi­
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                  guam tamen quantitatem Aeris & vaporum, ad omnia illa cauda­
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                  rum Phœnomena abunde ſufficere, ex hac computatione perſpi­
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                  cuum eſt. </s>
                  <s>Nam & caudarum inſignis raritas colligitur ex aſtris
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                  pes eas tranſlucentibus. </s>
                  <s>Atmoſphæra terreſtris luce Solis ſplen­
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                  dens, craſſitudine ſua paueorum milliarium, & aſtra omnia & ip­
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                  ſam Lunam obſcurat & extinguit penitus: per immenſam vero
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                  caudarum craſſitudinem, luce pariter Solari illuſtratam, aſtra mi­
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                  nima abſque claritatis detrimento tranſlucere noſcuntur. </s>
                  <s>Neque
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                  major eſſe ſolet caudarum plurimarum ſplendor, quam Aeris no­
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                  ſtri in tenebroſo cubiculo latitudine digiti unius duorumve, lucem
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                  Solis in jubare reflectentis. </s>
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