Vitruvius Pollio, I dieci libri dell?architettura, 1567

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
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                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001076">
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                  pieni ſono piu ſicure. </s>
                  <s id="s.001077">imperoche nè gli arieti, nè le mine, nè altre machine li poſſono fare
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                  offeſa. </s>
                  <s id="s.001078">Ma non in ogni luogo ſi ricerca lo argine, ma ſolamente la doue dal di fuori da luo
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                  go alto a piè piano, ſi puo uenire ad oppugnare la città. </s>
                  <s id="s.001079">Et però in tali luoghi biſogna
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                  prima cauare le foſſe di larghezza, & di altezza grandiſsima. </s>
                  <s id="s.001080">Dapoi deue il fondamento
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                  della muraglia eſſer depreſſo, & calcato tra lo alueo della foſſa, & fatto di quella groſſez­
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                  za, che egli poſſa ſoſtenere il carico dell' opera terrena. </s>
                  <s id="s.001081">& ancora dalla parte della ſabrica
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                  di dentro uerſo la terra, egli ſi deue fare il fondamento per ampio ſpatio diſtante da quel
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                  di fuori di modo, che le compagnie poſsino come in ordinanza, nelle difeſe formarſi ſo­
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                  pra la larghezza dello argine. </s>
                  <s id="s.001082">Quando adunque ſaranno fatte le fondamenta coſi diſtanti
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                  l'uno dall' altro, allhora ſarà biſogno di farne dell' altre per lo trauerſo, che congiunte ſia­
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                  no col fondamento di fuori, & col fondamento di dentro diſpoſte come pettini a guiſa de
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                  i denti di ſiega. </s>
                  <s id="s.001083">perche quando in queſta maniera ſarà fabricato, & fondato il muro, ſe
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                  ne hauerà queſto commodo, che la grandezza del peſo in picciole parti compartita, non
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                  calcando con tutto il carico ſuo, non potrà per modo alcuno ſcacciare, o ſpignere le fonda
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                  menta. </s>
                  <s id="s.001084">Ma della muraglia, di che materia fare ſi conuenga, non ſi deue in queſto luogo al
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                  trimenti determinare: perche non ſi puo per tutto hauere quella copia di coſe, che ſi diſi­
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                  dera: ma doue ſaranno i ſaſsi di lati, & anguli eguali, & di piana ſuperficie, che quadrati
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                  ſi chiamano, ouero il ſelice, ouero il cemento, ouero il mattone cotto, o crudo, queſte
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                  coſe ſi deono uſare: perche non ſi puo in tutte le parti del mondo, & in tutte le nature de i
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                  luoghi, accioche i muri durino eternamente ſenza difetto adoperar quello, che copioſa­
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                  mente uiene in Babilonia, doue in luogo di calce, & di arena, ſi uſa il bitume liquido, &
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                  di quello, & di cotto mattone è fatto il muro della città. </s>
                </p>
                <p type="main">
                  <s id="s.001085">
                    <emph type="italics"/>
                  La città è ouero in terra, ouero in acqua. </s>
                  <s id="s.001086">ſe in terra, o in piano, o in monte, o parte in piano
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                  & parte in monte. </s>
                  <s id="s.001087">Del fabricare nell' acqua Vitr. ne parlerà nel quinto libro, doue ragiona de i
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                  porti. </s>
                  <s id="s.001088">Biſogna auuertire nel fabricare delle città nell' acque, che il creſcere delle acque non le fac
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                  cia danno; che ſi facciano belli pallazzi ſopra l'acque, & ponti, che habbiano del grande. </s>
                  <s id="s.001089">& ſe
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                  non ſono difeſe dal ſito, & dalla difficultà de i uadi, biſogna farui le fortezze, & le mura, & aſ­
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                  ſicurare anche il porto, con catene, come ſi dirà al ſuo luogo. </s>
                  <s id="s.001090">ſe la città ſarà in terra, & in altez
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                  za, & in luoghi di precipit ij, come pare, che Vitr. uoglia, nel primo modo di fortificare ſenza ar
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                  gini, ella ſarà piu ſicura, perche difficilmente il nimico la potrà aſſaltare, per la ſalita difficile,
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                  & hauerà le ſcoperte commode, & chi la difenderà, ſarà ſopra l'auantaggio: & quelle città, che
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                  haueranno del piano, & del monte, haueranno de i commodi, che hanno le città del mon­
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                  te, & doueranno hauere delle prouiſioni, che hanno le città in piano. </s>
                  <s id="s.001091">Deue in
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                  quelle eſſer un luogo forte nella piu alta parte, per ſtare i caualieri della città, quan­
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                  do ci fuſſero cittadini di mala uolontà, o che i nimici haueſſero occupato la terra. </s>
                  <s id="s.001092">per­
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                  che queſti luogi ſpeſſo aſpettando il ſoccorſo ſicuramente intertengono il nimico, & ſo­
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                  no occa ſione della ricuperatione delle città. </s>
                  <s id="s.001093">Se adunque la città ſarà in piano, &
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                  come dice Vitruuio, ſe egli ſi potrà andare a piede piano, biſognerà fargli gli ar­
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                  gini, le foſſe, le contraſcarpe ſecondo le regole di ſopra, & quelli riſpetti, che ha poſti
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                  Vitruuio nel fondar le torri, & farle alte, & che ſportino in fuori, & che ſiano aperte
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                  di dentro, & che habbiano precipitij, & che tenghino i defenſori, & che ſi poſſino ſeparare le
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                  entrate, & impedire la preſa loro, applicarle al modo noſtro di fare i baloardi, & i caualieri,
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                  & le altre difeſe, pigliando quello, che farà per noi. </s>
                  <s id="s.001094">Et però Vitru. nel dare i precetti della
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                  fortificatione ha cominciato dalle Torri, come quelle, che principalmente ci difendino, & ſia­
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                  no à noi come ſcuto, & a nimici come offeſa, & propugnaculo, dal quale, & il nimico ſia tenu­
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                  to lontano, & la muraglia ſia guardata, & anche la parte di dentro ſia ſicura. </s>
                  <s id="s.001095">Ma in queſta
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                  materia naſceno de i dubbij. </s>
                  <s id="s.001096">L'uno è che ſe le torri ſono tanto larghe, & groſſe di muraglia, che
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                  poſſino tenere corpo di gente alle difeſe, ſe bene quelle traui, che dice Vitr. ſaranno preſto getta-
                    <emph.end type="italics"/>
                  </s>
                </p>
              </subchap2>
            </subchap1>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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