Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div196" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5552" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="99" file="0105" n="105" rhead="OPTICAE LIBER III."/>
            bitur ſorſitan rectitudo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5553" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde error in ſitu, & etiam error in longitudine:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5554" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam una eius extre-
              <lb/>
            mitas eiuſdem longitudinis reputabitur cum alia, cum ſint diuerſæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5555" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div197" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head226" xml:space="preserve" style="it">59. In magnitudine & figura: diuiſione, continuatione & numero. 28. 97. 109 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5556" xml:space="preserve">DEinde quoniam quantitas corporis comprehenditur ex longitudine, & anguli, ſub quo ui-
              <lb/>
            detur, capacitate:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5557" xml:space="preserve"> ignorata longitudine:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5558" xml:space="preserve"> accidit error in quãtitate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5559" xml:space="preserve"> Modo conſimili erit error
              <lb/>
            in figura.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5560" xml:space="preserve"> Si enim in corpore fuerint anguli:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5561" xml:space="preserve"> occultabũtur uidenti:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5562" xml:space="preserve"> unde ſexangula forma pu-
              <lb/>
            tabitur ſphærica.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5563" xml:space="preserve"> Si uerò modica fuerit incuruatio in corpore, latebit, & iudicabitur corpus planũ
              <lb/>
            eſſe.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5564" xml:space="preserve"> In diſtinctione erit error.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5565" xml:space="preserve"> Si enim fuerit per corpus magnæ raritatis linea nigra, apparebit cor-
              <lb/>
            pus diuiſum in loco, in quẽ cadit linea.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5566" xml:space="preserve"> Si uerò fuerint duo corpora talia modicũ à ſe diſtãtia:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5567" xml:space="preserve"> repu-
              <lb/>
            tabuntur continua.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5568" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde error in continuitate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5569" xml:space="preserve"> Et palàm, quòd ex his erit error in numeri compre-
              <lb/>
            henſione:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5570" xml:space="preserve"> cum uel unum plura, uel plura unum apparebunt.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5571" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div198" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head227" xml:space="preserve" style="it">60. In motu & quiete. 138 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5572" xml:space="preserve">IN motu erit error ex immoderatione raritatis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5573" xml:space="preserve"> ſi opponatur foramini corpus ualde rarum, ut cry
              <lb/>
            ſtallus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5574" xml:space="preserve"> & huius corporis extremitates lateant uiſum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5575" xml:space="preserve"> & poſt corpus hoc moueatur aliud:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5576" xml:space="preserve"> puta-
              <lb/>
            bit uidens corpus rarum moueri, cum ſit immotum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5577" xml:space="preserve"> quod non accideret ipſo temperatè ſolido.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5578" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            In quiete accidit error ex eadem intemperantia.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5579" xml:space="preserve"> Si enim corpus ualde rarum includatur in manu,
              <lb/>
            coniunctum manui, & ab ea recedat, & moueatur intra manum reuolutionis motu, immota manu:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5580" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            ita tamen, ut appareat diuiſio aliqua inter ipſum & manum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5581" xml:space="preserve"> iudicabitur corpus illud immotũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5582" xml:space="preserve"> quo-
              <lb/>
            niã non poteſt in eo cõprehendi motus, niſi mutatione ſitus partiũ partis alicuius, reſpectu manus,
              <lb/>
            uel partis eius.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5583" xml:space="preserve"> Et quia omnimoda eſt ſimilitudo in partibus, uel prætenditur:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5584" xml:space="preserve"> propter raritatẽ non
              <lb/>
            poteſt diſcerni alicuius partium ſitus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5585" xml:space="preserve"> quare nec motus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5586" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div199" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head228" xml:space="preserve" style="it">61. In aſperitate & lenitate: raritate & denſitate. 141. 144 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5587" xml:space="preserve">IN aſperitate & lęuitate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5588" xml:space="preserve"> Si enim in corpore multùm raro fuerit aſperitas non magna, putabitur
              <lb/>
            forſitan læue.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5589" xml:space="preserve"> Si uerò fuerit læue, & ſtatuatur poſt ipſum corpus aſperum, aut corpus diuerſorũ
              <lb/>
            colorum, æſtimabitur hoc corpus rarum & lęue, aſperũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5590" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde error in læuitate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5591" xml:space="preserve"> In raritate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5592" xml:space="preserve"> Si e-
              <lb/>
            nim poſt corpus ualde rarũ ſit aliud corpus rarũ non multũ, & colore forti coloratũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5593" xml:space="preserve"> apparebit pri-
              <lb/>
            mum non multũ rarum, ſed æſtimabitur eius raritas ſecundum raritatem poſtpoſiti.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5594" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde uitrum
              <lb/>
            alij uitro ſuperpoſitum non apparet ita rarum, ſicut appareret eo ſolo uiſui adhibito.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5595" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde error in
              <lb/>
            raritate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5596" xml:space="preserve"> Si aũt poſt poſt primũ rarum ſtatuatur corpus ſolidum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5597" xml:space="preserve"> iudicabitur primũ ſolidũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5598" xml:space="preserve"> unde er-
              <lb/>
            ror in ſoliditate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5599" xml:space="preserve"> Pari modo ſiuas ualde rarum contineat uinũ, cum poſtillud nõ percipiatur luxaut
              <lb/>
            corpus aliud:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5600" xml:space="preserve"> iudicabitur forſan totum cum uino uitrum eſſe unum corpus ſolidum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5601" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div200" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head229" xml:space="preserve" style="it">62. In umbra & tenebris. 147 p 4. 67 p 10.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5602" xml:space="preserve">IN umbra erit error ex raritate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5603" xml:space="preserve"> Luce enim ſolis in domũ aliquam per foramen aliquod deſcendẽ
              <lb/>
            te, & ſuper feneſtram uitream cadente, cum domus illa ſit umbroſa:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5604" xml:space="preserve"> apparebit ſuper feneſtram il
              <lb/>
            lam umbra, licet in ueritate lux in ipſam incidat:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5605" xml:space="preserve"> quæ quidem
              <gap/>
              <gap/>
            x comprehenderetur, ſi ſolidum
              <lb/>
            eſſet feneſtræ corpus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5606" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam non tranſiret, & ita ſuper ſolidum appareret.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5607" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde error in umbra.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5608" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            In tenebris.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5609" xml:space="preserve"> Luce enim ſolis in aquam fluminis nõ deſcendente, aut in mare, ſicut accidit hora ma-
              <lb/>
            tutina & ueſpertina:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5610" xml:space="preserve"> & ſi fuerit claritas in aqua:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5611" xml:space="preserve"> apparebit tenebroſa:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5612" xml:space="preserve"> & quantò fuerit clarior, tantò
              <lb/>
            putabitur tenebroſior.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5613" xml:space="preserve"> Et accidit hoc:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5614" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam pars aquæ ſuperior umbrã iacit ſuper proximã par
              <lb/>
            tem inferiorem, & illa proxima ſuper aliam inferiorem propinquam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5615" xml:space="preserve"> & ita per ſingulas uſq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5616" xml:space="preserve"> ad fun-
              <lb/>
            dum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5617" xml:space="preserve"> Et licet ſingularum partium umbra in ſe ſit modica:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5618" xml:space="preserve"> tamen coniunctæ unam efficiunt maxi-
              <lb/>
            mam, ſicut palàm eſt in colore uini accidere:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5619" xml:space="preserve"> In modica enim quantitate uini color eſt debilis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5620" xml:space="preserve"> & in
              <lb/>
            multa, licet eiuſdem modi, fortis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5621" xml:space="preserve"> Cauſſa autem quare in mari umbram iaciente uideantur eſſe tene
              <lb/>
            bræ in maris claritate, eſt:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5622" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam intenſa claritas intenſam reddit raritatem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5623" xml:space="preserve"> unde uiſui maiorem
              <lb/>
            reddit penetrationem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5624" xml:space="preserve"> Vnde fit acquiſitio plurium maris partium umbram facientium:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5625" xml:space="preserve"> quoniã um
              <lb/>
            brarum aggregatarum perceptio inducit fidem tenebrarum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5626" xml:space="preserve"> Si uerò mare fuerit turbulentum, pro-
              <lb/>
            pter diminutam raritatem penetrabit uiſus paululum, & comprehendet modicam aquæ partem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5627" xml:space="preserve"> &
              <lb/>
            licet faciat umbram, cum ipſa ſit remiſſa, color illius partis uincit umbram.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5628" xml:space="preserve"> In turbida enim aqua co
              <lb/>
            lor apparet, in clara nullus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5629" xml:space="preserve"> unde & propter turbidæ aquæ colorem & propter umbræ partis appa-
              <lb/>
            rentis remiſsionem non comprehenduntur in aqua tenebrę:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5630" xml:space="preserve"> unde ipſa turbida, apparebit colora-
              <lb/>
            ta, & clara tenebroſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5631" xml:space="preserve"> Solis autem radio cadente ſuper faciem maris, cum ei per raritatem ipſius pa-
              <lb/>
            teat tranſitus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5632" xml:space="preserve"> abijcietur omnis tenebrarum & umbræ apparentia.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5633" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div201" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head230" xml:space="preserve" style="it">63. In pulchritudine & deformitate: ſimilitudine & dißimilitudine. 150. 153 p 4.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5634" xml:space="preserve">IN decore & deformitate.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5635" xml:space="preserve"> Si enim in uaſe multùm raro ſint particulæ uel inciſuræ ipſi decorem
              <lb/>
            afferentes:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5636" xml:space="preserve"> & imponatur uaſi illi uinum turbidum & turpe:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5637" xml:space="preserve"> occultabuntur decoris cauſſæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5638" xml:space="preserve"> & iu-
              <lb/>
            dicabitur uas deforme, ut aliquando accidit in uitreo uaſe.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5639" xml:space="preserve"> Econtrariò ſi uas tale deformente-
              <lb/>
            ius aliquæ particulæ, & imponatur ei uinum clarum lucidum, & in colore formoſum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5640" xml:space="preserve"> occultabũtur
              <lb/>
            deformitatis cauſſæ, & reputabitur uas ſpecioſum, cum ſit deforme.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5641" xml:space="preserve"> In ſimilitudine & diſsimilitudi
              <lb/>
            ne.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5642" xml:space="preserve"> Si duo uaſa multũ rara conueniant in forma, ſpecie, raritate:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s5643" xml:space="preserve"> ſed diſcrepent in aliquarum partiũ
              <lb/>
            </s>
          </p>
        </div>
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