Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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        <div xml:id="echoid-div54" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1489" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="25" file="0031" n="31" rhead="OPTICAE LIBER II."/>
            punctum ſuperficiei rei uiſæ, quod eſt apud extremitatem iſtius axis, illud, ſuper quod uenit forma
              <lb/>
            eιus ſuper iſtum axem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1490" xml:space="preserve"> Et declaratũ eſt in primo tractatu [26 n] quòd formæ, quæ comprehendun
              <lb/>
            tur per uiſum, extenduntur in corpore glacialis, & in concauo nerui, ſuper quem componitur ocu-
              <lb/>
            lus, & perueniunt ad neruum communem, qui eſt apud medium interioris cerebri, & illic eſt com-
              <lb/>
            prehenſio ſentientis ultimò à formis rerum uiſibilium:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1491" xml:space="preserve"> & quòd uiſio non completur, niſi per aduen
              <lb/>
            tum formæ ad neruum communem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1492" xml:space="preserve"> & quòd extenſio formarum à ſuperficie glacialis intra corpus
              <lb/>
            glacialis, eſt ſecundum rectitudinem linearum rectarum radialium tantum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1493" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam glacialis non
              <lb/>
            recipit iſtas formas, niſi ſecun dum uerticationem linearum radialium tantùm.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1494" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div55" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head79" xml:space="preserve" style="it">2. Cryſtallin{us} & uitre{us} humores perſpicuitate differunt. Ita forma uiſibilis
            <lb/>
          refringitur in ſuperſicie uitrei humoris. 21 p 3.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1495" xml:space="preserve">ET ultimum ſentiens non comprehendit ſitus partium rei uiſæ, niſi ſecundum ſuum ſitum in
              <lb/>
            ſuperficie rei uiſæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1496" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum ſitus partium formæ inter ſe ſcilicet formæ peruenientis ad ſuper-
              <lb/>
            ficiem glacialis, ſint ſitus partium ſuperficiei rei uiſæ inter ſe [per 18 n 1] & iſtæ formæ exten
              <lb/>
            dantur, ſicut prædictum eſt:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1497" xml:space="preserve"> & cum omnia iſta ita ſint:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1498" xml:space="preserve"> uiſio ergo non complebitur, niſi poſt aduen-
              <lb/>
            tum formæ, quæ eſt in ſuperficie glacialis, ad neruum communem, & ſitus partium eius ſecundum
              <lb/>
            ſuum eſſe in ſuperficiem glacialis ſine aliqua admixtione.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1499" xml:space="preserve"> Forma autem non peruenit à ſuperficie
              <lb/>
            glacialis ad neruum communem, niſi per extenſionem eius in concauo nerui, ſuper quem compo-
              <lb/>
            nitur oculus ſiue humor glacialis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1500" xml:space="preserve"> Si ergo forma nõ perueniat in cõcauum iſtius nerui ſecundũ ſuũ
              <lb/>
            eſſe in glaciali, neq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1501" xml:space="preserve"> etiã perueniet ad neruum communẽ ſecundum ſuũ eſſe.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1502" xml:space="preserve"> Forma autẽ nõ poteſt
              <lb/>
            extendi à ſuperficie glacialis ad concauum nerui ſecundum rectitudinem linearũ rectarum, & con
              <lb/>
            ſeruare ſitus partium ſecundũ eſſe ſuum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1503" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam omnes illæ lineæ concurrunt apud centrum ui-
              <lb/>
            ſus, & quando fuerint extenſæ ſecundum rectitudinem, poſt centrum conuertetur ſitus earum, &
              <lb/>
            quod eſt dextrũ, efficietur ſiniſtrum, & è contrario, & ſuperius inferius, & inferius ſuperius.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1504" xml:space="preserve"> Si ergo
              <lb/>
            forma fuerit extenſa ſecundum rectitudinem linearum radialium, cõgregabitur apud centrum ui-
              <lb/>
            ſus, & efficietur quaſi unum punctum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1505" xml:space="preserve"> Et quia centrum uiſus eſt in medio totius oculi, & ante locũ
              <lb/>
            gyrationis concaui nerui:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1506" xml:space="preserve"> ſi forma fuerit extenſa à centro oculi, & ipſius unũ punctum ſuper unam
              <lb/>
            lineam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1507" xml:space="preserve"> perueniet ad locum gyrationis, & ipſius unum punctum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1508" xml:space="preserve"> & ſic non perueniet formatota ad
              <lb/>
            locum gyrationis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1509" xml:space="preserve"> quia non niſi unum punctum, ſcilicet, quod eſt in extremitate axis pyramidis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1510" xml:space="preserve"> Et
              <lb/>
            ſi fuerit extenſa ſecundum rectitudinem linearum radialium, & pertranſierit per centrum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1511" xml:space="preserve"> erit con
              <lb/>
            uerſa ſecundum conuerſionem linearum ſe ſecantium, ſuper quas extendebatur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1512" xml:space="preserve"> Non poteſt ergo
              <lb/>
            forma peruenire à ſuperficie glacialis ad cõcauum nerui, ita ut ſitus partium ſit ſecundũ ſuum eſſe:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1513" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            non poteſt ergo forma peruenire à ſuperficie glacialis ad concauum nerui, niſi ſecundum lineas re-
              <lb/>
            fractas, ſecantes lineas radiales.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1514" xml:space="preserve"> Et cũ ita ſit, uiſio ergo non complebitur, niſi poſtquam refracta fue-
              <lb/>
            rit forma, quæ peruenit à ſuperficie glacialis, & extenditur ſuper lineas ſecantes lineas radiales.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1515" xml:space="preserve"> Iſta
              <lb/>
            ergo refractio debet eſſe ante peruentum ad centrum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1516" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam ſi fuerint refractæ poſt tranſitũ cen
              <lb/>
            tri, erunt conuerſæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1517" xml:space="preserve"> Et iam declaratum eſt [18 n 1] quòd iſta forma pertranſeat in corpore glacialis
              <lb/>
            ſecundum rectitudinem linearum radialium:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1518" xml:space="preserve"> & cum non poſsit peruenire ad concauum nerui, niſi
              <lb/>
            poſtquam refracta fuerit ſuper lineas ſecantes lineas radiales:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1519" xml:space="preserve"> forma ergo non refringitur, niſi per
              <lb/>
            tranſitum eius in corpore glacialis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1520" xml:space="preserve"> Et iam prædictum eſt [4 n 1] in forma uiſus, quòd corpus gla-
              <lb/>
            cialis eſt diuerſæ diaphanitatis, & quòd pars poſterior eius, quæ dicitur humor uitreus, eſt diuerſæ
              <lb/>
            diaphanitatis à parte anteriore:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1521" xml:space="preserve"> & nullum corpus eſt in glaciali diuerſæ formæ à forma corporis an
              <lb/>
            terioris, præter corpus uitreum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1522" xml:space="preserve"> & ex proprietate formarũ lucis & coloris eſt, ut refringantur, quã-
              <lb/>
            do occurrerint alij corpori diuerſæ diaphanitatis à corpore primo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1523" xml:space="preserve"> Formæ ergo non refringuntur,
              <lb/>
            niſi apud peruentum earum ad humorem uitreum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1524" xml:space="preserve"> Et iſtud corpus non fuit diuerſæ diaphanitatis
              <lb/>
            à corpore anterioris glacialis, niſi ut refringerentur formæ in ipſo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1525" xml:space="preserve"> Et debet ſuperficies iſtius corpo
              <lb/>
            ris antecedere centrum, ut refringantur formæ apud ipſum, antequam pertranſeant cẽtrum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1526" xml:space="preserve"> & de-
              <lb/>
            bet iſta ſuperficies eſſe conſimilis ordinationis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1527" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam ſi non fuerit conſimilis ordinationis, ap-
              <lb/>
            parebit forma monſtruoſa propter refractionem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1528" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div56" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head80" xml:space="preserve" style="it">3. Communis ſectio cryſtallinæ & uitreæ ſphærarum aut eſt plana: aut eſt pars
            <lb/>
          ſphæræ maioris cryſtallina ſphæra. Et habet centrum diuer-
            <lb/>
          ſum ab oculi centro. 23 p 3.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1529" xml:space="preserve">SV perficies autẽ cõſimilis ordinationis aut eſt plana, aut ſphærica.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1530" xml:space="preserve"> Et nõ poteſt iſta ſuperficies
              <lb/>
            eſſe ex ſphæra, cuius centrũ eſt centrum uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1531" xml:space="preserve"> quoniã ſi ita eſſet, eſſent lineæ radiales ſemper
              <lb/>
            perpendiculares ſuper ipſam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1532" xml:space="preserve"> & ſic extenderetur forma ſecundũ rectitudinem earũ, & non re-
              <lb/>
            fringeretur.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1533" xml:space="preserve"> Neq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1534" xml:space="preserve"> poteſt eſſe ex ſphæra parua:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1535" xml:space="preserve"> quoniã, ſi fuerit ex ſphæra parua, quãdo forma refrin-
              <lb/>
            getur ab ea, & elongabitur ab ea, fiet monſtruoſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1536" xml:space="preserve"> Iſta ergo ſuperficies aut eſt plana, aut ſphærica è
              <lb/>
            ſphæra alicuius bonæ quantitatis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1537" xml:space="preserve"> ita quòd ſphæricitas eius nõ operabitur in ordinatione formæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1538" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Superficies ergo humoris glacialis, quæ eſt differentia cõmunis inter iſtud corpus uitrei & corpus
              <lb/>
            anterius glacialis, eſt ſuperficies cõſimilis ordinationis antecedẽs centrum uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1539" xml:space="preserve"> Et omnes formæ
              <lb/>
            perueniẽtes in ſuperficiẽ glacialis, extenduntur in corpore glacialis ſecundũ rectitudinem linearũ
              <lb/>
            radialiũ, quouſq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1540" xml:space="preserve"> perueniãt ad iſtã ſuperficiem, & cũ peruenerint ad ſuperficiẽ iſtam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1541" xml:space="preserve"> refringuntur
              <lb/>
            apud ipſam ſecundũ lineas cõſimilis ordinationis, ſecantes lineas radiales.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1542" xml:space="preserve"> Lineæ ergo radiales nõ
              <lb/>
            </s>
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