Agricola, Georgius, De re metallica, 1912/1950

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="187"/>
              for there hangs no pump-rod from the iron key of these claws, for it can be of
                <lb/>
              no use in the last pump. </s>
              <s>In turn, when the first pump-rod descends, each
                <lb/>
              set of “claws” is lowered, each pump-rod and each piston-rod. </s>
              <s>And by this
                <lb/>
              system, at the same time the water is lifted into the tanks and drained out of
                <lb/>
              them; from the sump at the bottom of the shaft it is drained out, and it
                <lb/>
              is poured into the trough of the tunnel. </s>
              <s>Further, around the main axle there
                <lb/>
              may be placed two water wheels, if the river supplies enough water to turn
                <lb/>
              them, and from the back part of each round iron crank, one or two pump-rods
                <lb/>
              can be hung, each of which can move the piston-rods of three pumps.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s>Lastly, it is necessary that the shafts from which the water is pumped out in
                <lb/>
              pipes should be vertical, for as in the case of the hauling machines, all pumps
                <lb/>
              which have pipes do not draw the water so high if the pipes are inclined in
                <lb/>
              inclined shafts, as if they are placed vertically in vertical shafts.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>If the river does not supply enough water-power to turn the last­
                <lb/>
              described pump, which happens because of the nature of the locality
                <lb/>
              or occurs during the summer season when there are daily droughts, a
                <lb/>
              machine is built with a wheel so low and light that the water of ever so little a </s>
            </p>
            <figure number="106"/>
            <p type="caption">
              <s>A—WATER WHEEL OF UPPER MACHINE. B—ITS PUMP. C—ITS TROUGH. D—WHEEL OF
                <lb/>
              LOWER MACHINE. E—ITS PUMP. F—RACE.</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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