Alberti, Leone Battista
,
Architecture
,
1755
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Place and of the Climate. </
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<
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>When you think
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it Time for a Reſpite, cover the Top of the
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Wall over with Straw, that the Wind and Sun
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may not exhauſt the Strength of the Cement,
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and make it rather uſeleſs than dry and binding.
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<
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>When you reſume your Work, pour a con
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ſiderable Quantity of clean Water upon it,
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till it is thoroughly ſoak'd and waſh'd from
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all Manner of Dirt, that no Seeds may be left
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to engender Weeds. </
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<
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>There is nothing that
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makes the Work ſtronger and more durable
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than moiſtening the Stone ſufficiently with
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Water; and they ſay the Stone is never
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ſoak'd as it ſhould be, if upon breaking, the
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Inſide all through is not moiſt and turned black.
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<
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>Add to what has been ſaid, that in erecting
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our Wall we ought, in ſuch Places where it
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is poſſible new Openings may afterwards be
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wanting either for Conveniency or Pleaſure, to
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turn Arches in the Wall, that if you after
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wards take out any of the Work from beneath
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thoſe Arches, for the aforeſaid Purpoſes, the
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Wall may have a good Arch, built at the
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ſame Time with itſelf, to reſt upon. </
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<
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>It is
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hardly to be conceiv'd how much the Strength
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of a Building is impair'd only by taking out
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one ſingle Stone, be it ever ſo little; and
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there is no ſuch Thing as ſetting a new Struc
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ture upon an old one, but that they will open
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and part one from the other; and how much
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ſuch a Crack muſt diſpoſe the Wall to ruin,
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need not be mention'd. </
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<
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>A very thick Wall
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has no need of Scaffolding, becauſe it is broad
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enough for the Maſon to ſtand upon the Wall
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itſelf.</
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<
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>CHAP. XI.</
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Of the Way of Working different Materials; of Plaiſtering; of Cramps,
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and how to preſerve them; the moſt ancient Inſtructions of Architects; and
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ſome Methods to prevent the Miſchiefs of Lightening.
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<
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>We have treated of the beſt Manner of
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Building, what Stone we are to
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chooſe, and how we are to prepare our Mor
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tar: But as we ſhall ſometimes be obliged to
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make uſe of other Sorts of Stone, whereof ſome
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are not cemented with Mortar, but only with
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Slime; and others which are join'd without
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any Cement at all: And there are alſo Buildings
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conſiſting only of Stuffing, or rough Work,
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and others again only of the Shells; of all
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theſe we ſhall ſay ſomething as briefly as
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poſſible. </
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<
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>Stones that are to be cemented with
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Slime, ought to be ſquared, and very arid; and
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nothing is more proper for this than Bricks,
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either burnt, or rather crude, but very well
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dried. </
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<
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>A Building made of crude Bricks is
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extremely healthy to the Inhabitants, very
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ſecure againſt Fire, and but little affected by
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Earthquakes; But then if it is not of a good
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Thickneſs, it will not ſupport the Roof; for
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which Reaſon
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Cato
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directs the Raiſing of
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Pilaſters of Stone to perform that Office. </
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<
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>Some
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tell us, that the Slime which is uſed for
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Cement ought to be like Pitch, and that the
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beſt is that which being ſteep'd in Water is
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ſloweſt in diſſolving, and will not eaſily rub
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off from one's Hand, and which condenſes
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moſt in drying. </
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<
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>Others commend the Sandy
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as beſt, becauſe it is moſt tractable. </
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<
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>This Sort
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of Work ought to be cloathed with a Cruſt of
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Mortar on the Outſide, and within, if you think
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fit, with Plaiſter of
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Paris,
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or white Earth.
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<
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>And for the better Sticking theſe on, you muſt
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in Building your Wall, ſet little Pieces of Tile
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here and there in the Cracks of the Joining,
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jutting out like Teeth, for the Plaiſter to
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cleave to. </
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<
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>When the Structure is to be com
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poſed of naked Stones, they ought to be
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ſquared and much bigger than the other,
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and very ſound and ſtrong; and in this Sort
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of Work we allow of no ſtuffing; the Courſes
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muſt be regular and even, the Junctures con
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trived with frequent Ligatures of Cramps and
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Pins. </
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<
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>Cramps are what faſten together with
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two Stones ſideways that lie even with one
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another, and unite them into a Row: Pins
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are fix'd into an upper Stone and an under one,
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to prevent the Row from being by any Violence
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driven out from the reſt. </
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<
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>Cramps and Pins
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of Iron are not reckoned amiſs; but I have
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obſerved in the Works of the Ancients, that
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Iron ruſts, and will not laſt; But Braſs will
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almoſt endure for ever. </
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<
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>Beſides, I find that
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Marble is tainted by the Ruſt of the Iron, and
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breaks all round it. </
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<
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>We likewiſe meet with
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Cramps made of Wood in very ancientStructures; </
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