Buonamici, Francesco, De motu libri X

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
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            <p type="main">
              <s>
                <pb pagenum="175"/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1290"/>
                <lb/>
              quod ab oppoſitione inſtrumentorum acceptum eſt, formas aut propriè ſumi, ſunt verò ſic ac­
                <lb/>
              ceptæ cauſſæ, propter quas quidque eſt, aut tanquam efficientia, vnde .ſ. </s>
              <s>initium fiat motus.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s>Hoc ſtante ſic aiunt. </s>
              <s>Ab oppoſitione inſtrumentorum ſignificari oppoſitionem in formis, nec qui­
                <lb/>
              dem ſimpliciter, verùm vt ſunt cauſſę efficientes. </s>
              <s>Et certè res hæc magnam præſefert ſimilitudi­
                <lb/>
              nem veri: nam reapſe inſtrumenta ad fines & efficientia referuntur, non ad formas, quaſi verò
                <lb/>
              forma, efficiens, & finis idem ſpecie non ſint, nec ſolo numero, vel ratione diſtinguantur. </s>
              <s>Igitur
                <lb/>
              ſi efficientia repugnant, formæ item repugnent neceſſe eſt. </s>
              <s>Nec dicere licet efficiens addere ma­
                <lb/>
              teriam formæ (eſt enim ſuppoſitum quod efficit) quia propter
                <expan abbr="materiã">materiam</expan>
              non ineſt in forma repu­
                <lb/>
              gnantia formaliter, ſed effectiuè. </s>
              <s>volo dicere. </s>
              <s>
                <expan abbr="pugnã">pugnam</expan>
              ſanè eſſe inter formas quæ ſunt in materia,
                <lb/>
              ſiquidem, vbi ſint extra materiam, contrariæ quoque ſpecies, vt albi & nigri, in medio ſubſiſtant,
                <lb/>
              ſed intrinſecus habent formæ, quòd in materia pugnent, & vt verè dicamus,
                <foreign lang="grc">ἀσυστασιαν</foreign>
              . </s>
              <s>Eius
                <lb/>
              rei ſigna quòd efficiens formæ definitur, & quòd compoſito propter materiam, cui contrarium
                <lb/>
              nihil eſt, oppoſitio denegetur. </s>
              <s>Quare ſi verè contraria ſunt efficientia, multò prius item inerit
                <lb/>
              oppoſitio in formis. </s>
              <s>Ita argumentum noſtrum firmum & irrefragabile eſt. </s>
              <s>Iſte Calaber dedit
                <lb/>
              manus ei rationi, ſed quid peccauerit paullò antè ſignificauimus. </s>
              <s>Græci, qui elementa
                <expan abbr="cõponunt">componunt</expan>
                <lb/>
              ex materia prima & primis qualitatibus inter quas intercedit manifeſtè repugnantia; audacter
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1291"/>
                <lb/>
              eam ſubſtantiæ tribuunt. </s>
              <s>Huius opinionis auctorem habemus in primis Alexandrum, hunc ſe­
                <lb/>
              cuta eſt ſine contentione tota Græcorum ſchola. </s>
              <s>Auerroës inconſtans in hac quæſtione repe­
                <lb/>
              ritur: nam
                <emph type="sup"/>
              a
                <emph.end type="sup"/>
              1. Phyſ. in Alexandri veſtigiis hærens in ſubſtantia ponit tale genus oppoſitionis:
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1292"/>
                <lb/>
              huic quoque ſubſcripſit Albertus. </s>
              <s>Idem poſteà machinis omnibus euertere viſus eſt hoc decre­
                <lb/>
              tum,
                <emph type="sup"/>
              b
                <emph.end type="sup"/>
              vt illud ex eius verbis expromamus ipſum aliquando animum ad hanc partem proble­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1293"/>
                <lb/>
              matis inclinaſſe. </s>
              <s>Hæc ſunt quæ vltrò
                <expan abbr="citroq́">citroque</expan>
              . </s>
              <s>Peripateticè diſputari poſſe videbantur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1275"/>
              C</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1276"/>
              a 5. Phyſ.
                <lb/>
              T. 10.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1277"/>
              D</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1278"/>
              b 2. de ge.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1279"/>
              c T. 56.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1280"/>
              E</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1281"/>
              a 5. Met.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1282"/>
              b 3. Phyſ.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1283"/>
              F</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1284"/>
              c 10. Met.
                <lb/>
              à T. 15. vſ­
                <lb/>
              que ad 25.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1285"/>
              G</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1286"/>
              d T. 20.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1287"/>
              e T. 56.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1288"/>
              H</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1289"/>
              f 2. de an.
                <lb/>
              c. 23.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1290"/>
              A</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1291"/>
              B</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1292"/>
              a T. c. 49.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg1293"/>
              b 5. Phyſ.
                <lb/>
              T. c. 10.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="head">
              <s>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              De oppoſitione differentiarum, & vtrum oppoſitio inter differentias efficiat oppoſitionem
                <lb/>
              inter formas. </s>
              <s>Cap. </s>
              <s>XX
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              .</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>ZIMARA non ſemel attigit hanc quæſtionem, ſiue illam ſæpius obiecerit, vt ſua conſtan­
                <lb/>
              tia nobis eam magis perſuaderet, ſiue vt aliquorum doctrinam obiter arguere vellet, & ad
                <lb/>
              illud argumentum quod ab inſtrumentorum oppoſitione ductum eſt, ita dicebat, non
                <expan abbr="neceſſariũ">neceſſarium</expan>
                <lb/>
              eſſe, vt contraria ex contrariis formis extarent, ſed ſufficere ſi diuerſæ fuerint. </s>
              <s>Prętereà monebat
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1294"/>
                <lb/>
              etiam ſi differentiæ contrariæ forent, non ſequi nihilominus formas eſſe contrarias; verùm & eas
                <lb/>
              eſſe diuerſas illò fortè reſpiciens, quòd cùm formæ conſtent ex materia quæ cadit in mentem,
                <lb/>
              cui nihil eſt contrarium, quòd nihil ſit formæ contrarium tanquam toti. </s>
              <s>Veruntamen ſi diuerſę
                <lb/>
              ſunt, cur hoc ex hoc fit, & hoc cum illo mutatur, nec quodlibet abit in quodlibet, aut generatur
                <lb/>
              ex quolibet? </s>
              <s>Certè nil aliud reſpondebit, àc communionem materiæ. </s>
              <s>Ergo, inquam, ſunt diuer­
                <lb/>
              ſæ formæ in aliquo: igitur & contrariæ. </s>
              <s>Et talis
                <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan>
              eſt contrariorum ratio. </s>
              <s>Necnon forma per ſe
                <lb/>
              eſt vltimus terminus, itaque eſt ſimplex: de eius oppoſitione igitur erat dicendum. </s>
              <s>Tertiò con­
                <lb/>
              cedit differentias eſſe contrarias: at ſunt ſubſtantiæ. </s>
              <s>Et ſubſtantiæ igitur aliquid erit contrarium.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s>Apud nos plurimum valet Ariſtotelis auctoritas, præſertim ſi ratione confirmari poſsit, is certè
                <lb/>
              in ſubſtantia, ſeu potius inter ſubſtantias oppoſitionem,
                <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan>
              illam quidem poſitiuam conſtituit,
                <lb/>
              & quanquam cenſuit oppoſitum in prædicamentis, hanc controuerſiam tollunt Alexander,
                <expan abbr="atq;">atque</expan>
                <lb/>
              Simplicius allata diſtinctione ſubſtantiarum: etenim ipſæ ſunt ſimplices, aut compoſitæ, oppo­
                <lb/>
              ſitionem planè fatentes eſſe inter ſubſtantias ſimplices, huiuſmodi verò ſunt formæ: nam mate­
                <lb/>
              ria nulli eſt contraria; at compoſitę carent contrario. </s>
              <s>Ergo de materia & de compoſito dicta
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg1295"/>
                <lb/>
              Ariſtotelis accipienda, vbicunque talis oppoſitio de ſubſtantia tollatur. </s>
              <s>Quocirca in prædica­
                <lb/>
              mentis non de ſubſtantia ſimpliciter exiſtimabimus ea verba pronunciata, verùm de compoſita
                <lb/>
              tantùm de qua defendimus conſtanter verba fieri in eo libro, nihil autem de ſimplici, neque id
                <lb/>
              iniuria: cùm
                <expan abbr=".n.">enim</expan>
              liber ille ſit
                <foreign lang="grc">εἰσαγωγικὸς</foreign>
              , atque etiam Auerrois teſtimonio ruditer exquirat no­
                <lb/>
              tiones prędicamentorum, & potius figuram dictionis, quàm elementa ipſorum, ſiquidem hæc
                <lb/>
              pleniorem rerum intelligentiam flagitarent, ideò mentio facta eſt ibi de ſubſtantia compoſita,
                <lb/>
              quemadmodum de ipſa quoque tùm 4. Met. tùm etiam ſub initium 7. meminiſſe legitur Ariſto­
                <lb/>
              les: nanque ibi ipſius elementa primùm veſtigare cœpit. </s>
              <s>Quòd ſi contra dubitaueris, quemad­
                <lb/>
              modum etiam fecit Alexander hoc modo. </s>
              <s>Si partes ſunt contrariæ, ergo & totum, quod confla­
                <lb/>
              tur è contrariis, erit alteri toti
                <expan abbr="contrariũ">contrarium</expan>
              , etiam notat in hoc argumento
                <expan abbr="fallaciã">fallaciam</expan>
              ſummus ille vir.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s>Neque enim, inquit, valet argumentum à partibus ad totum, niſi partes vniuerſę ſint vniuſmodi,
                <lb/>
              veluti ſi vnum foret è nigro & amaro, contrarium foret alteri, quod conſtaret ex albo & dulci.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s>Nam conſtat totum è diuerſo genere partium. </s>
              <s>Cùm igitur earum aliquæ materiæ vim obti­
                <lb/>
              neant, aliæ formæ in ſubſtantia: materia verò nulli contraria ſit; quin,
                <expan abbr="neq;">neque</expan>
              omnes formæ partes;
                <lb/>
              proptereaquòd eius partes ſunt differentię, ſingulas
                <expan abbr="aũt">aut</expan>
              differentias vnius ſpeciei ſingulis alterius </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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