Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000747">
                <pb pagenum="375" xlink:href="016/01/024.jpg"/>
              In temperata igitur regione vbi venti orien­
                <lb/>
              tales ſpirant, vita ſalubris ac diuturna. </s>
              <s id="s.000748">Sed
                <lb/>
              de his aliàs. </s>
              <s id="s.000749">Nunc ſolum ſcire ſufficiat, quòd
                <lb/>
              duæ tantùm ſint qualitates, calor cœli, &
                <lb/>
              humidum elementorum: ſiccum autem &
                <lb/>
              frigus horum ſunt priuationes. </s>
              <s id="s.000750">Sed & de his
                <lb/>
              poſteriùs agemus. </s>
              <s id="s.000751">Vt verò ad inſtitutum re­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg61"/>
                <lb/>
              uertar, elementum non voco rem calidiſſi­
                <lb/>
              mam, vel frigidiſſimam, quandoquidem
                <lb/>
              vix eam liceat reperire: ſed illud elemen­
                <lb/>
              tum nunc dico, quod nec pabulo indiget,
                <lb/>
              nec ſpontè corrumpitur, nec vagatur, ſed
                <lb/>
              certam tenet ſedem, maximam habens mo­
                <lb/>
              lem, eamque ſecundum naturam, ac ad gene­
                <lb/>
              rationem paratum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000752">Cumque nullum ho­
                <lb/>
              rum igni conueniat, hunc, elementum haud
                <lb/>
              quaquam appellabimus. </s>
              <s id="s.000753">Mouetur autem hic,
                <lb/>
              impotens, viuere abſque alimento, aëremque
                <lb/>
              proximum adurit: hicque ardens flamma
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg62"/>
                <lb/>
              vocatur. </s>
              <s id="s.000754">Eſt enim flamma nihil aliud, quam
                <lb/>
              aër accenſus. </s>
              <s id="s.000755">Hæc autem perpetuò moue­
                <lb/>
              tur, nec vnquam quieſcit. </s>
              <s id="s.000756">Ignis enim ſub­
                <lb/>
              ſtantia cum tenuiſſima ſit, & quod ſubie­
                <lb/>
              ctum eſt illi ſemper vrat, perpetuò etiam
                <lb/>
              mouetur. </s>
              <s id="s.000757">Ob ſubtilitatem igitur per angu­
                <lb/>
              ſtiſſima foramina ingreditur, ob motum ve­
                <lb/>
              rò diuidit ac ſcindit, diſciſſa calore immen­
                <lb/>
              ſo vrit, ac in propriam conuertit ſubſtan­
                <lb/>
              tiam. </s>
              <s id="s.000758">Ergo flamma non eadem vnquam
                <lb/>
              manet, ſed perpetua generatione altera al­
                <lb/>
              teri ſuccedit, & ob id moueri eam ſemper
                <lb/>
              videri neceſſarium eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000759">Nam quæ genita
                <lb/>
              iam eſt, aëris proximam partem inuadit,
                <lb/>
              humidumque eius depaſcitur, & moriendo
                <lb/>
              aliam nouam excitat flammam. </s>
              <s id="s.000760">Cum igitur
                <lb/>
              humidum quod prius erat in flammam ver­
                <lb/>
              titur, aucta ex hac mutatione in immenſum
                <lb/>
              quantitate, nec poſſit quod illi ſubiectum
                <lb/>
              eſt pabulum ob duritiem pellere, neceſſa­
                <lb/>
              riò in ſuperiorem partem vehementer aſ­
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              cendit, & eam quæ iam ſuprà ipſam erat
                <lb/>
              accenſa impellit: vnde ſit vt ſurſum ple­
                <lb/>
              rumque magno impetu flamma feratur ac
                <lb/>
              feriat. </s>
              <s id="s.000761">Si tamen tigna vrantur ſupernè, flam­
                <lb/>
              mam eadem ratione deorſum ferri neceſſe
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg63"/>
                <lb/>
              eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000762">Non igitur flamma ſemper ſurſum fer­
                <lb/>
              tur, ſed ob id plerunque, quòd pabulum in
                <lb/>
              imo poſitum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000763">Cùm tamen in imum fer­
                <lb/>
              tur, adeò vrit, vt ſi humidum eſt quod vri­
                <lb/>
              tur, repentè colliquatum ſuffocet ignem: ob
                <lb/>
              idque cerei conuerſa flamma inferius ſpontè
                <lb/>
              extinguuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.000764">Ligna autem non ſic, quòd
                <lb/>
              humidum colliquari non queat. </s>
              <s id="s.000765">Extinguun­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg64"/>
                <lb/>
              tur etiam ob aliam rationem, quòd
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              vt di­
                <lb/>
              xi) ſemper ſuperior pars flammæ ab inferio­
                <lb/>
              re, quæ nutrimento proximior eſt, propelli­
                <lb/>
              tur: vnde ſuprema flammæ pars continuò
                <lb/>
              tranſitu extincta in fumum vertitur. </s>
              <s id="s.000766">Eſt
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg65"/>
                <lb/>
              enim fumus medium inter flammam & aë­
                <lb/>
              rem, atque ideò duplex. </s>
              <s id="s.000767">Quidam qui flam­
                <lb/>
              mæ ſuccedit, & hic tenuis ac neceſſarius.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000768">Omnis enim flamma in fumum vertitur: ſed
                <lb/>
              hic cum tenuiſſimus ſit, in aërem celeriter
                <lb/>
              tranſit, atque ob id nec ſuffocat, nec oculos
                <lb/>
              vrit, ſed ſolum calefacit ac ſiccat. </s>
              <s id="s.000769">Alter eſt
                <lb/>
              fumus qui flammæ præit generationem, at­
                <lb/>
              que humidior eſt, ac oculos vrit & ſuffocat,
                <lb/>
              quòd in aërem non facilè conuertatur. </s>
              <s id="s.000770">Idem
                <lb/>
              plærunque ex carbonibus prauis ac humi­
                <lb/>
              dioribus lignis excitari ſolet. </s>
              <s id="s.000771">Primus igitur
                <lb/>
              cùm flamma deſcendit in cereis conuerſis,
                <lb/>
              dum aſcendere nititur, flammæ ipſi occurrit,
                <lb/>
              eamque celerrimè ſuffocat. </s>
              <s id="s.000772">Declarauimus
                <lb/>
              enim quòd huius quantitas gignatur im­
                <lb/>
              menſa, cùm ſingulis momentis flamma quæ
                <lb/>
              maximè à nutrimento remota eſt, & in am­
                <lb/>
              bitu aëri vicina, in fumum tranſeat, cuius
                <lb/>
              copia nihil mirum eſt ignem illi occurren­
                <lb/>
              tem celerrimè ſuffocari. </s>
              <s id="s.000773">Huius igitur motus
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg66"/>
                <lb/>
              tam rapidi cauſa, flamma cuncta corrumpit,
                <lb/>
              non ſolius immenſæ caliditatis ratione. </s>
              <s id="s.000774">Sed
                <lb/>
              tamen motus hic in flamma interior, quia
                <lb/>
              ſenſim fit, nos latet. </s>
              <s id="s.000775">Nec flamma tota illicò
                <lb/>
              perit, ſed quæ ſolùm eſt in ambitu: nam quæ
                <lb/>
              in medio eſt, tandiu manet, donec ad extre­
                <lb/>
              mum in contactu aëris perueniat, aliter in
                <lb/>
              flammæ medio non eſſet. </s>
              <s id="s.000776">Sed fumus retrò
                <lb/>
              quandoque agitur, vel ob impetum, vel re­
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              pulſus, vel prohibitus. </s>
              <s id="s.000777">Impetus fit vel ob
                <lb/>
              multitudinem, vel ob celeritatem motus. </s>
              <s id="s.000778">Li­
                <lb/>
              gna igitur viridia & multitudo flammæ, re­
                <lb/>
              plent cubicula fumo. </s>
              <s id="s.000779">Venti quoque repel­
                <lb/>
              lunt fumum, & anguſtia camini prohibet
                <lb/>
              exitum, vel ſi anguſtior ſit in vno, vt non re­
                <lb/>
              cipiat. </s>
              <s id="s.000780">Maxima autem cauſa eſt à ventis. </s>
              <s id="s.000781">Nam
                <lb/>
              fumus altius ſemper aſcendit, tum ob impe­
                <lb/>
              tum à flamma conceptum, tum ob leuita­
                <lb/>
              tem. </s>
              <s id="s.000782">Vbi ventis occurrat, maximè vbi copia
                <lb/>
                <figure id="id.016.01.024.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/024/1.jpg" number="21"/>
                <lb/>
              viridium lignorum adſit, retrogreditur: &
                <lb/>
              qui ex quatuor partibus foramina habet, ab
                <lb/>
              omni vento impeditur: nam vndique patet.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000783">Auxilium à nobis ratione excogitatum. </s>
              <s id="s.000784">In
                <lb/>
              quatuor partibus, oriente, occidente, meri­
                <lb/>
              die, ſeptentrione binos colloca canales ficti­
                <lb/>
              les ex aduerſo poſitos, ita vt alter ſurſum fe­
                <lb/>
              ratur, reliquus deorſum: nam impoſſibile eſt
                <lb/>
              octo ventos, quatuor inferius
                <expan abbr="tẽdentes">tendentes</expan>
              , qua­
                <lb/>
              tuor autem ſuperiùs, à quatuor cœli princi­
                <lb/>
              palibus regionibus ſpirare. </s>
              <s id="s.000785">Quod ni fiat, fu­
                <lb/>
              mus minimè poteſt retrò pelli: atque id
                <lb/>
              etiam experimento ad amuſſim comproba
                <lb/>
              tum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000786">Adiuuat autem non parum latitudo
                <lb/>
              faucium in imo. </s>
              <s id="s.000787">Plerunque etiam tutiores
                <lb/>
              canales decliues tantum. </s>
              <s id="s.000788">Sed tutior omnibus
                <lb/>
              eſt qui vagina circumcingitur, quæ inferiùs
                <lb/>
              non cohæret tecto. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000789">
                <margin.target id="marg58"/>
              Demonſtra­
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              tio oſtendens
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              quòd omnia
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              elementa
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              ſunt frigi­
                <lb/>
              diſſima.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000790">
                <margin.target id="marg59"/>
              Sidera om­
                <lb/>
              nia calida.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000791">eſſe.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000792">
                <margin.target id="marg60"/>
              Aër vitæ ſa­
                <lb/>
              lubrior.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000793">
                <margin.target id="marg61"/>
              Ignem hunc
                <lb/>
              non eſſe ele­
                <lb/>
              mentum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000794">
                <margin.target id="marg62"/>
              Flamma
                <lb/>
              quid ſit.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000795">Cur flamma
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              nunquam
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              quieſcat.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000796">Ignis quo­
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              modo vrat.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000797">Flamma non
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              eadem ma­
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              net.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000798">Cur flamma
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              plerunque
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              aſcendat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000799">
                <margin.target id="marg63"/>
              Cur cerei
                <lb/>
              conuerſi ex­
                <lb/>
              tinguæntur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000800">
                <margin.target id="marg64"/>
              Fumus quo­
                <lb/>
              modo gene­
                <lb/>
              retur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000801">
                <margin.target id="marg65"/>
              Fumus du­
                <lb/>
              plex.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000802">
                <margin.target id="marg66"/>
              Cauſæ cur
                <lb/>
              cubicula fu­
                <lb/>
              mo replean­
                <lb/>
              tur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000803">Caminus fu­
                <lb/>
              mum non re­
                <lb/>
              mittens.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000804">Cùm igitur ad hoc vt ignis vrat tria ſint
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg67"/>
                <lb/>
              neceſſaria, pabulum, motus, & quod pene­
                <lb/>
              tret, cùm in flamma motus maior ſit ac ma­
                <lb/>
              nifeſtior, atque ideò etiam introitus qui ad
                <lb/>
              motum conſequitur maior, minimè obſcu­
                <lb/>
              rum eſt cur flamma reliquo igne ſit viua­
                <lb/>
              tior: ideoque cerei dum flamma viget tan­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg68"/>
                <lb/>
              diu ardent donec ſuppetit alimentum: cùm
                <lb/>
              flamma deſinit, ſpontè vel momento peni­
                <lb/>
              tus extinguuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.000805">Quia tamen flamma </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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