Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000100">
                <pb pagenum="359" xlink:href="016/01/008.jpg"/>
              ne, aut ſtipula multus cinis fieri poſſit, ex
                <lb/>
              multa verò quercu paucus nunquam cinis
                <lb/>
              euadet. </s>
              <s id="s.000101">Itaque aliquid in generatione om­
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              ni commune manet, quod materiam pri­
                <lb/>
              mam dicimus aut hylen. </s>
              <s id="s.000102">Cùm enim aliquid
                <lb/>
              generatur ex alio, ſi forma perit (aliter enim
                <lb/>
              eſſet idem ac non eſſet) manente aliquo ma­
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              teriam illud eſſe, neceſſe eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000103">Oſtendit idem
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              corruptio, cùm nihil prorſus dum corrum­
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              pitur, pereat. </s>
              <s id="s.000104">Nam malum putreſcit, & in
                <lb/>
              vermes tranſit: & ligna dum vruntur, in
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              cineres: & aquam in vapores calore ignis,
                <lb/>
              aut ſolis, vel fumum permutatur. </s>
              <s id="s.000105">Eſt au­
                <lb/>
              tem vapor & fumus aliquid: nam & homi­
                <lb/>
              nem ſuffocat, & ſi colligatur, denuò tran­
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              ſit in guttas aquæ. </s>
              <s id="s.000106">Manifeſtum eſt igitur
                <lb/>
              aliquid eſſe in rerum natura ſub forma lati­
                <lb/>
              tans, quod nec per generationem fit, nec
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              corruptione ipſa interit: atque hoc ipſum
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              vt primum quoddam, & quod multis ſub­
                <lb/>
              iicitur formis, materiam primam vocare
                <lb/>
              ſolemus ingenitam, & nunquam interitu­
                <lb/>
              ram. </s>
              <s id="s.000107">Manet autem atque eſt: quod enim
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              manet eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000108">Materia igitur actu eſt talis, qua­
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              lem deſcripſimus: verùm formis compara­
                <lb/>
              ta, potentia eſt: illas enim ſuſcipere poteſt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000109">Ad formam igitur comparata materia, po­
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              tentia eſt, in ſeipſa verò actu. </s>
              <s id="s.000110">Quemadmo­
                <lb/>
              dum fœtus cùm nondum perfectus eſt, in­
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              fans potentia eſt, ſed talis, qualis fœtus actu
                <lb/>
              eſt: eſt enim hoc quidem ſic delineatum com­
                <lb/>
              miſtum, ac tale quale videtur. </s>
              <s id="s.000111">Cùm autem
                <lb/>
              ad formam infantis comparatur, potentia
                <lb/>
              eſſe dicitur: nam ſi actu eſſet, eſſet infans
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg7"/>
                <lb/>
              iam, non autem fœtus. </s>
              <s id="s.000112">Materia igitur pri­
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              ma actu eſt, atque ( vt ita dicam ) imminu­
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              to: ad formas comparata, potentia eſt: nam
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              niſi potentia ad illas eſſet, eas nunquam
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              ſuſciperet: neque enim ex lapide homo fit,
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              quia lapis ad hominis formam ſuſcipiendam
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              potentiam non habet. </s>
              <s id="s.000113">Complexa verò à for­
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              ma, cui tunc ſubiacet, actum conſequitur
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              perfectiorem, non tamen perfectum: actus
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              enim perfectus eſt, qui potentia omninò
                <lb/>
              caret. </s>
              <s id="s.000114">Dicemus igitur ficus materiam per
                <lb/>
              ſe conſideratam actu eſſe, ſed tenui admo­
                <lb/>
              dum: vt verò ad alienas formas compara­
                <lb/>
              tur, potentia quidem ad illas: vt autem pro­
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              priè ficus formæ ſubiacet, actu conſiſtere.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000115">Sed nec materia prima omnibus eſt ſpoliata
                <lb/>
              rebus: cùm enim
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              vt dixi ) neque ex pugil­
                <lb/>
              lo paleæ, ferri pugillus ob materiæ paucita­
                <lb/>
              tem, nec rurſus ex ferri pugillo, paleæ pu­
                <lb/>
              gillus ob illius redundantiam, ſequitur
                <lb/>
              vt materia prima quantitatem quandam
                <lb/>
              retineat, quam indefinitam vocamus. </s>
              <s id="s.000116">Nam­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg8"/>
                <lb/>
              que non ſibi certos deſcribit limites, cùm
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              modò ſub forma maius complendo ſpa­
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              tium, modò minùs latitet. </s>
              <s id="s.000117">Nam ſi ex terra
                <lb/>
              ignis fiat, ampliorem occupat locum: qua­
                <lb/>
              re materia illa prior, quæ minori ſubiicie
                <lb/>
              batur quantitati, mutatione formæ maio­
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              rem locum impleuit. </s>
              <s id="s.000118">Circumſcriptos tamen
                <lb/>
              habet limites magnitudinis ac paruitatis,
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              intra quos ceu quidam Proteus infinitos ma­
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              gnitudinis tèrminos ſubit. </s>
              <s id="s.000119">Quúmque hæc
                <lb/>
              quantitatis certa determinatio illi actu in­
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              hæreat, quid mirum eſt ipſam materiam pri­
                <lb/>
              mam, propter quam magnitudo ipſa eſt
                <lb/>
              conſtituta, actu eſſe, ac ſubſiſtere? </s>
              <s id="s.000120">obſcu­
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              riùs hæc quidem ab aliis dicta ſunt, non ſo­
                <lb/>
              lùm ob rei ipſius ſubtilitatem, ſed quòd ple­
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              rique dum quæ non perfectè aſſequebantur,
                <lb/>
              ſcribere vellent, ſermonibus non tantùm
                <lb/>
              obſcurius, ſed etiam ambiguis tractationem
                <lb/>
              ipſam inuoluunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000121">Porrò ad materiæ ſcien­
                <lb/>
              tiam, imò eſſentiam ſequitur, vt cùm for­
                <lb/>
              mas ipſas aduenientes impedimus, prior re­
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              maneat: atque eo modo aqua frigida in ſan­
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              guineis temperantiam conſeruat, bilis pro­
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              hibendo generationem. </s>
              <s id="s.000122">Etenim cùm neceſ­
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              ſe ſit materiam primam ſemper ſub aliqua
                <lb/>
              iacere forma, ſi ſubſequens impediatur ar­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg9"/>
                <lb/>
              te, vel caſu, priorem formam manere ne­
                <lb/>
              ceſſe eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000123">Inde igitur tota præſeruandi me­
                <lb/>
              thodus ortum habuit. </s>
              <s id="s.000124">Similiter & in tranſ­
                <lb/>
              mutationibus par materiæ quantitas requi­
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              renda fuit, cùm maior aut minor oportuna
                <lb/>
              eſſe non poſſit. </s>
              <s id="s.000125">
                <expan abbr="Atq;">Atque</expan>
              ea ratione ex conſimili­
                <lb/>
              bus conſimilia magis fiunt, quàm ex diſſimi­
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              libus. </s>
              <s id="s.000126">Rurſus rari ac denſi ratio à materiæ
                <lb/>
              multitudine, aut paucitate ſumpta eſt: ve­
                <lb/>
              rùm de his inferiùs dicemus. </s>
              <s id="s.000127">Cùm itaque
                <lb/>
              materia ab initio tota fuiſſet, impleſſétque
                <lb/>
              hoc concauum orbis, nec poſſet finiri, va­
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              cuum eſſe non poterat: nam vacuo aucto,
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg10"/>
                <lb/>
              materiam tolli neceſſe erat. </s>
              <s id="s.000128">Multa etiam
                <lb/>
              erant, quæ vacuum eſſe non poſſe demon­
                <lb/>
              ſtrabant, etſi Heron in ſpiritualibus illud
                <lb/>
              eſſe oſtendere nitatur: verùm non eſt ſa­
                <lb/>
              pientis omnia abſurda refellere: nec noſtri
                <lb/>
              multò minùs inſtituti, quæ ab euidentibus
                <lb/>
              rationibus poſſunt demonſtrari, obſcuriori­
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              bus argumentis proſequi. </s>
              <s id="s.000129">Quòd igitur va­
                <lb/>
              cuum non ſit, folles oſtendunt occluſi, qui
                <lb/>
              ſi nimium diſtendantur ac violenter fran­
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              guntur: nam locus capacior factus, cùm
                <lb/>
              nec aëre impleri poſſit, tantam tenuitatem
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              non admittente, nec vacuum dari queat, ſu­
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              pereſt tertium vt folles ipſi diſrumpantur.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.000130">Huius igitur vacui neceſſitate aqua aſcen­
                <lb/>
              dit, dum per canalem ſugimus, pronáque de­
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              ſcendit, hauriens ſitulam ex vrceolo. </s>
              <s id="s.000131">Hæc
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              autem infrà demonſtrabuntur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000132">
                <margin.target id="marg6"/>
              Materiam
                <lb/>
              primam eſſe.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000133">
                <margin.target id="marg7"/>
              Materiam
                <lb/>
              primam
                <lb/>
              actu eſſe.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000134">
                <margin.target id="marg8"/>
              Materiam
                <lb/>
              primam
                <lb/>
              quandam
                <lb/>
              retinere.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000135">
                <margin.target id="marg9"/>
              Præſeruandi
                <lb/>
              methodus
                <lb/>
              vnde ortum
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              habuerit.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000136">
                <margin.target id="marg10"/>
              Vacuum non
                <lb/>
              eſſe.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000137">Hac ratione lucerna mirabilis excogitata
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg11"/>
                <lb/>
              eſt, turris formâ vndequaque concluſa, ſo­
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              lóque foramine D, contenta, per quod
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              oleum ipſum infunditur, donec tota implea­
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.000138">Solida eſt ex ſtanno, cúmque conuer­
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              titur, vt nunc iacet, oleum effundi per D,
                <lb/>
              non poteſt.</s>
              <s id="s.000139">Nam ſi effunderetur, quod eſt
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              in C, deſcenderet grauis & vacui ratione ad
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              D: & quod eſſet in B, ad C: & quod eſſet
                <lb/>
              in A: ad B: igitur vacuum in A, relinque­
                <lb/>
              retur. </s>
              <s id="s.000140">Ne igitur vacuum in A, relinquatur,
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                <figure id="id.016.01.008.1.jpg" xlink:href="016/01/008/1.jpg" number="2"/>
                <lb/>
              manet: quare etiam in B, oleum, & in C
                <lb/>
              & in D: nihil ergo effunditur. </s>
              <s id="s.000141">Sed quonam
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              pacto igitur dum accenſo ellychnio in F,
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              oleum conſumitur, per E, canalem ex ipſo
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              D, exire poteſt, itaque ad vacui rationem </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
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