Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000851">
                <pb pagenum="377" xlink:href="016/01/026.jpg"/>
                <expan abbr="gnorũ">gnorum</expan>
              ignem noctu ſolo ſplendore, ſed
                <expan abbr="abſq;">abſque</expan>
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg77"/>
                <lb/>
              calore refert. </s>
              <s id="s.000852">
                <expan abbr="Eiuſdẽ">Eiuſdem</expan>
              fermè generis ignis ve­
                <lb/>
              ri eſt Helenæ ſidus circa malum nauis, quod
                <lb/>
              cadens etiam ænea vaſa colliquat, certus
                <lb/>
              ſubmerſionis nuncius. </s>
              <s id="s.000853">Nam ſolùm in gra­
                <lb/>
              uibus accidit tempeſtatibus, nec niſi craſſiſ­
                <lb/>
              ſimo ſpiritu & magna ventorum vi vapor
                <lb/>
              ille cogi poteſt in naui, & ardere ſimul vn­
                <lb/>
              de etiam imminentem nunciat perniciem.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000854">Velut è diuerſo Caſtoris olim ac Pollucis,
                <lb/>
              nunc Petri & Nicolai diuorum numina, ſeu
                <lb/>
              potiùs lumina gemina. </s>
              <s id="s.000855">
                <expan abbr="Nonnunquã">Nonnunquam</expan>
              in Ocea
                <lb/>
              no terna, imò ibi frequentius quàm gemina,
                <lb/>
              ob maioremc
                <expan abbr="oncuſſionẽ">concuſſionem</expan>
              . </s>
              <s id="s.000856">Vocant tunc ea,
                <lb/>
              Diui Nicolai, Helenæ, & Claræ, ſignificato
                <lb/>
              deducto à claritate, ab antiqua ſuperſtitione
                <lb/>
              ſideris Helenæ, & quòd Nicolaus ex qua­
                <lb/>
              dam hiſtoria nauigantibus præeſſe credatur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000857">In mediterraneo autem mari ſolùm gemi­
                <lb/>
              na, & plerunque in rudentibus, ex vnoque
                <lb/>
              in alterum, velut aues cum quodam ſono
                <lb/>
              ſalientia, finem tempeſtatis, nec non ſe­
                <lb/>
              curitatem oſtendunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000858">Sunt enim vapores
                <lb/>
              rudentibus hærentes, qui ſucceſſu temporis,
                <lb/>
              igne ex altero in alterum tranſeunte, ſpe­
                <lb/>
              ciem cerei accenſi præbent. </s>
              <s id="s.000859">Indicant autem
                <lb/>
              ſalutem, quòd parui ſint, quòd minimè len­
                <lb/>
              ti, in vnum enim coiſſent, quodque breui
                <lb/>
              abſumantur ſinguli: quanquam falſa ima­
                <lb/>
              gine ſaliendi, qui plures ſunt, plerun­
                <lb/>
              que duos referant, cùm ſucceſſu multi
                <lb/>
              continuò ſpeciem vnius diuturnioris effi­
                <lb/>
              ciant.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg78"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000860">
                <margin.target id="marg76"/>
              Ignis inno­
                <lb/>
              xius plan­
                <lb/>
              tis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000861">
                <margin.target id="marg77"/>
              Helenæ ſidus
                <lb/>
              quòd ſub­
                <lb/>
              merſionem
                <lb/>
              nauium
                <lb/>
              nunciat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000862">
                <margin.target id="marg78"/>
              Folium mo­
                <lb/>
              tus quomo­
                <lb/>
              do.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000863">Diximus hucuſque de igne, folliumque
                <lb/>
              interim vtilitatem adiunximus: par verò
                <lb/>
              videtur vt etiam motus rationem adiicia­
                <lb/>
              mus: ſiquidem, vt diximus, nihil egregium
                <lb/>
              fit ab igne qui follibus non iuuetur. </s>
              <s id="s.000864">Du­
                <lb/>
              plures illos eſſe oportet, ſeu duo ſint, ſeu
                <lb/>
              quatuor, ſeu plures, vt opera nunquam in­
                <lb/>
              termittatur. </s>
              <s id="s.000865">Horum motus alternis vicibus
                <lb/>
              variatur, ac miſtus planè eſt, ex violento,
                <lb/>
              quo aperiuntur, & aërem trahunt: & na­
                <lb/>
              turali, quo ſpontè decidentes conceptum
                <lb/>
              iam aërem exprimunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000866">Manifeſtum eſt au­
                <lb/>
              tem, quòd quò celerius expreſſerint, eò
                <lb/>
              acrius ignem impellere: ob hoc ponderi­
                <lb/>
              bus ea onerant. </s>
              <s id="s.000867">Sed quia quæ grauia ſunt
                <lb/>
              non facilè nec celeriter attolluntur, ideò
                <arrow.to.target n="marg79"/>
                <lb/>
              magnis rotis & magno aquarum impetu
                <lb/>
              machina illorum voluenda eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000868">His igitur
                <lb/>
              cauſis manifeſtum eſt, non poſſe glaciem,
                <lb/>
              etſi frigidiſſima ſit, tantùm lædere frigidita­
                <lb/>
              te, quantum ignis calore. </s>
              <s id="s.000869">Nam vt ignis mo­
                <lb/>
              tu omnia penetrat, introituque prius diſſi­
                <lb/>
              pat ipſa, quàm vrat, ſic glacies quiete qua­
                <lb/>
              dam conſtat & craſſa ſubſtantia, quibus fit,
                <lb/>
              ne omninò poſſit penetrare quicquam.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000870">Quòd enim glacies non minus frigida ſit
                <lb/>
              quàm calidus ignis, oſtendit experimen­
                <lb/>
              tum. </s>
              <s id="s.000871">Nam ſi ligno aut lateri ardenti, glaciei
                <lb/>
              tantundem imponas, non celeriùs glacies
                <lb/>
              diſſoluetur, quàm extinguatur ex toto ignis.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000872">Nam vt ignis motu & tenuitate magis pe­
                <lb/>
              netrat, ac facilius corrumpit & depaſcitur
                <lb/>
              quàm glacies: indicioque eſt, introitum &
                <lb/>
              ſubtilitatem horum effectuum mirabilium
                <lb/>
              eſſe cauſas, quòd quæ penetrabilia non ſunt,
                <lb/>
              vt aurum & adamas, ab igni non abſumun­
                <lb/>
              tur neque vtuntur, nec omninò verè ignea
                <lb/>
              dici poſſunt: ita glacies denſitate ſua &
                <lb/>
              quiete magis reſiſtit, & diutius permanet.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg80"/>
                <lb/>
              Vt enim ignis ſemper fit, ſic glacies eadem
                <lb/>
              manet, & multis annis quandoque durat in
                <lb/>
              gelidis ſub Vrſa montibus, ſicut & nix. </s>
              <s id="s.000873">Ergo
                <lb/>
              glacies ac ignis penitus contraria ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000874">Ignis
                <lb/>
              enim calidiſſimus, tenuiſſimus, celerrimi mo­
                <lb/>
              tus, ac qui facilè omnia inuadat, & momen­
                <lb/>
              to maneat ſolùm: at glacies frigidiſſima,
                <lb/>
              denſiſſima, quieta omninò, lenti progreſſus,
                <lb/>
              & maximè diuturna. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000875">
                <margin.target id="marg79"/>
              Ignis cur
                <lb/>
              magis calore
                <lb/>
              lædat, quàm
                <lb/>
              glacies fri­
                <lb/>
              gore.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000876">
                <margin.target id="marg80"/>
              Ignis &
                <lb/>
              glacies pe­
                <lb/>
              nitùs con­
                <lb/>
              traria.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000877">Ergo magnæ quæſtionis iam ſolutio ex
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg81"/>
                <lb/>
              his emergit, ſcilicet, an ignis hic noſter ſub­
                <lb/>
              ſtantia ſit, an accidens. </s>
              <s id="s.000878">Si enim ſubſtantia
                <lb/>
              foret, videbatur durum, quonam pacto in
                <lb/>
              candenti ferro duæ eſſent ſimul ſubſtantiæ
                <lb/>
              mutuò penetrabiles, ignea atque ferrea: tum
                <lb/>
              verò ſi altera diſſoluatur, vtpote ferrea ſub­
                <lb/>
              ſtantia, dum ignem concipit, fiet corruptio,
                <lb/>
              dum extinguitur ignis generatio fieri dice­
                <lb/>
              tur, quod perabſurdum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000879">Si verò aerem
                <lb/>
              ſolùm qui intus eſt ardere latere ardente di­
                <lb/>
              cas, non diſſolueretur ſubſtantia ligni in
                <lb/>
              cineres, nec ferrum deterius adeò euaderet:
                <lb/>
              igitur humidum proprium ferri, dum later
                <lb/>
              ferreus accenſus eſt, ardet. </s>
              <s id="s.000880">Quòd ſi omni­
                <lb/>
              nò ignis accidens eſt, quomodo ſubſtan­
                <lb/>
              tiam immutat lignorum in cinerem, ac fer­
                <lb/>
              rum omniaque fermè abſumit? </s>
              <s id="s.000881">Itaque ( vt
                <lb/>
              dixi ) hic ignis nihil aliud eſt, quàm ſum­
                <lb/>
              ma caliditas cum ſiccitate iuncta. </s>
              <s id="s.000882">Nec ſub­
                <lb/>
              ſtantia dici poteſt, niſi vt glacies, ſi pro re,
                <lb/>
              quę gelu
                <expan abbr="cõcreta">concreta</expan>
              eſt intelligatur, ita ignis pro
                <lb/>
              re ipſa quæ ardet. </s>
              <s id="s.000883">Ignis igitur accidens om­
                <lb/>
              nino eſt, atque caliditas cum ſiccitate ſum­
                <lb/>
              ma, inhæretque ſubſtantiæ ſemper quemad­
                <lb/>
              modum reliqua accidentia: non igitur ele­
                <lb/>
              mentum eſſe poteſt, quod & ſuperius de­
                <lb/>
              monſtrauimus. </s>
              <s id="s.000884">Nam naturæ principium ca­
                <lb/>
              ſu quodam conſtaret, ac pabulo incerto cir­
                <lb/>
              cumferri oporteret, imò eadem ratione gla­
                <lb/>
              cies aliud eſſet elementum. </s>
              <s id="s.000885">Quòd ſi elemen­
                <lb/>
              tum aliud eſt ignis, ſiquidem æqualiter cali­
                <lb/>
              dus eſt ac hic, aut magis, igitur & ille pa­
                <lb/>
              bulò indigebit, quoniam paſci neceſſe erit:
                <lb/>
              vnde igitur tantæ moli pabulum? </s>
              <s id="s.000886">Si verò
                <lb/>
              minus calidus eſt, ceſſat ratio ob quam ſta­
                <lb/>
              tuebatur elementum. </s>
              <s id="s.000887">Siquidem ob hoc ele­
                <lb/>
              mentum ignis poſitus fuit, quòd eſſet ſub­
                <lb/>
              ſtantia calidiſſima quædam ac ſicciſſima,
                <lb/>
              vtranque habens harum qualitatum, vel al­
                <lb/>
              teram ſaltem perfectam: at non habebit,
                <lb/>
              cùm iam conſtet hunc ignem illo eſſo longè
                <lb/>
              calidiorem, ſicciorem, ardentiorem, ac ma­
                <lb/>
              gis penetrabilem. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000888">
                <margin.target id="marg81"/>
              Ignis quid
                <lb/>
              ſit.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000889">Sed & alterius dubitationis clara ſolutio
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg82"/>
                <lb/>
              emergit, an ſcilicet ignis igne calidior ſit?
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000890">Conſtat autem, quòd non ob ſolam mate­
                <lb/>
              riam ignis calidior euadit, vt qui in ferro
                <lb/>
              eſt, eo qui in palea, & qui in quercus lignis,
                <lb/>
              eo qui in ſalíginis, ſed velut in glacie quæ­
                <lb/>
              dam vix coacta eſt, alia dura, alia prædura,
                <lb/>
              ita ignis quidam vix eſt ignis, vt cùm cande­
                <lb/>
              re ferrum incipit: alius candidor, alius ſplen­
                <lb/>
              didiſſimus. </s>
              <s id="s.000891">Cùm enim accidens ſit, augeri ac
                <lb/>
              minui poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000892">Itaque ignis igne validior
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg83"/>
                <lb/>
              euadit ſex modis. </s>
              <s id="s.000893">Natura, vt diximus:
                <lb/>
              ardentior enim celerius exurit ac ma­
                <lb/>
              gis. </s>
              <s id="s.000894">Materia, vt qui in ferro ſedem ha­
                <lb/>
              bet, eo qui in ſtipulis. </s>
              <s id="s.000895">Motu, nam magis </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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