Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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        <body>
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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001142">
                <pb pagenum="383" xlink:href="016/01/032.jpg"/>
              modo refrigerat. </s>
              <s id="s.001143">Ergo quod calefacit, per
                <lb/>
              ſe calefacit: quòd refrigerat, ſolùm ex ac­
                <lb/>
              cidenti. </s>
              <s id="s.001144">Repugnabis forſan, quoniam re­
                <lb/>
              frigerari ſentimus nos, non aliter à frigidis
                <lb/>
              tum repentè, vt à calidis calefieri, vt pro­
                <lb/>
              ducta frigoris quædam ſpecies videatur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001145">Equidem ( vt dixi ) nihil aliud eſt frigidum,
                <lb/>
              quàm caloris priuatio: & quæ mouentur
                <lb/>
              nec conſiſtunt, refrigerantur, vt aqua, &
                <lb/>
              ventorum validorum aër. </s>
              <s id="s.001146">Porrò cùm conta­
                <lb/>
              ctu refrigeratur, ſolùm ſuperficies refrigera­
                <lb/>
              tur, fugiente intus palàm calore: nec poſſibi­
                <lb/>
              le eſt ob hoc ſubitò quippiam refrigerari,
                <lb/>
              mora autem ducta refrigerantur etiam pe­
                <lb/>
              nitiſſimæ partes. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001147">Atque hæc vera ſunt rerum naturalium
                <lb/>
              fundamenta, in quibus nihil eſt repugnans.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001148">Qui verò eas qualitates ſubſtantiis affixas
                <lb/>
              imaginantur, & frigiditatem aliquod eſſe
                <lb/>
              naturæ principium, in difficillimas perue­
                <lb/>
              niunt quæſtiones, rerúmque quæ videntur
                <lb/>
              cauſas dicere non poſſunt, omniáque ſilen­
                <lb/>
              tio ac verbis obſcuris inuoluere, tum etiam
                <lb/>
              ambiguis, nituntur. </s>
              <s id="s.001149">Igitur calor ipſe propria
                <lb/>
              qualitas eſt cœleſtis, hæc agitans corpora,
                <lb/>
              quæ motu adiuta ignem creat. </s>
              <s id="s.001150">Si à materia
                <lb/>
              obruatur ac impediatur, frigus gignit. </s>
              <s id="s.001151">Quæ­
                <lb/>
              cunque autem motu non eadem manent,
                <lb/>
              frigidiora euadunt, vt aqua & aër. </s>
              <s id="s.001152">Aëris
                <lb/>
              verò temperiem facit radiorum multitu­
                <lb/>
              do Solis, tum ſyderum, quos excipit,
                <lb/>
              qui illum calefaciunt. </s>
              <s id="s.001153">Terra verò non adeò
                <lb/>
              eſſe frigida poteſt vt aqua, quoniam non
                <lb/>
              mouetur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001154">His itaque conſtitutis, quibus non pauca
                <lb/>
              quæ iamdiu latuerunt, oſtendemus naturæ
                <lb/>
              ſecreta, ad ignis rurſus hiſtoriam reuertan­
                <lb/>
              tur. </s>
              <s id="s.001155">Verùm de ſubſtantiarum ſubtilitate ali­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg116"/>
                <lb/>
              qua priùs præponere oportet. </s>
              <s id="s.001156">Quædam igi­
                <lb/>
              tur dicuntur tenues per ſe, vt aër: quædam
                <lb/>
              quantitate, vt capilli: quædam quia fluunt,
                <lb/>
              vt ſanguis: quædam quia in partes tenuiſſi­
                <lb/>
              mas diuidi poſſunt, vt aurum: aliæ quia plu­
                <lb/>
              ra ex his habent, vt ſpiritus, qui noſtra­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg117"/>
                <lb/>
              rum ſunt operationum inſtrumenta. </s>
              <s id="s.001157">Fiunt
                <lb/>
              autem ab arte pleraque tenuia, velut plum­
                <lb/>
              bum, quòd adeò attenuatur arte, vt in pul­
                <lb/>
              uerem redigatur, ex quo horologia fieri ſo­
                <lb/>
              lent. </s>
              <s id="s.001158">Liquefactum enim agitatur celerrimè
                <lb/>
              in mortario: ideò cum cogi non poſſit, tran­
                <lb/>
              ſit in puluerem. </s>
              <s id="s.001159">Et quamvis ars in tenuiſſi­
                <lb/>
              ma redigat ligna, aut lapides, aut metalla,
                <lb/>
              non tamen ipſa miſcet, nec attenuat ſub­
                <lb/>
              ſtantiam, ſed ſolùm quantitatem. </s>
              <s id="s.001160">Ignis ve­
                <lb/>
              rò ſi attenuat, ſeparat: aut ſi miſcet, non
                <lb/>
              attenuat. </s>
              <s id="s.001161">Separando enim quæ craſſa ſunt,
                <lb/>
              attenuantis ſpeciem præbet. </s>
              <s id="s.001162">Sola natura ſi­
                <lb/>
              mul miſcere atque attenuare ſubſtantiam
                <lb/>
              poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001163">Cùm enim ( vt dixi
                <emph type="italics"/>
              )
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              nunc vocem
                <lb/>
              ſubtilia quæ duci poſſunt, atque ea ductilia,
                <lb/>
              vel humida eſſe neceſſe ſit, ignis verò ſic­
                <lb/>
              cet, attenuare non poteſt, niſi ſeparet. </s>
              <s id="s.001164">At­
                <lb/>
              tenuat ergo vel comminuendo ſicca, vt
                <lb/>
              cùm arenam in puluerem redigit, aut col­
                <lb/>
              liquando, vt metallica: tenues partes ſe­
                <lb/>
              parando, vt in diſtillationibus. </s>
              <s id="s.001165">Verùm dum
                <lb/>
              ſicca comminuat, colliquet humida, etiam
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg118"/>
                <lb/>
              attenuat. </s>
              <s id="s.001166">Contigit tamen in diſtillationibus
                <lb/>
              aliquid attenuari ac alteri miſceri, cùm à
                <lb/>
              calido humido, non ab igne fiunt. </s>
              <s id="s.001167">Calor
                <lb/>
              enim miſcet, & cum humido attenuat. </s>
              <s id="s.001168">Fit
                <lb/>
              autem hoc vaſes in aquam feruentem im­
                <lb/>
              miſſis, vocátque Mariæ balneum. </s>
              <s id="s.001169">Proximum
                <lb/>
              bonitate diſtillationis genus huic in equino
                <lb/>
              fimo: inde quod per cineres præſtantiſſimum
                <lb/>
              in oleum detractum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001170">Nam cùm calida
                <lb/>
              ſit ac humida ſubſtantia, per multos men­
                <lb/>
              ſes calorem ſeruare poteſt, atque eò longio­
                <lb/>
              re temporis ſpatio quàm vuarum acini, quo
                <lb/>
              oliuarum ſubſtantia denſior eſt, ac pinguior.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001171">At nullum horum metalla liquare poteſt,
                <lb/>
              ſed illa igne indigent. </s>
              <s id="s.001172">Sed vt ardentiſſima
                <lb/>
              diſtillatio fit per ignes, ita miſtioni ac veræ
                <lb/>
              attenuationi inepta: cui fermè ſimilis eſt,
                <lb/>
              quæ fit per cineres. </s>
              <s id="s.001173">Nam ſi igne diſtillata
                <lb/>
              fæcibus ſuis miſcueris, fiet totum pro mo­
                <lb/>
              lis ratione grauiùs quàm antea, tum etiam
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg119"/>
                <lb/>
              ſiccius. </s>
              <s id="s.001174">Non igitur verè attenuat ignis, ſed
                <lb/>
              natura ipſa, quæ totam ſubſtantiam conco­
                <lb/>
              quit ac miſcet. </s>
              <s id="s.001175">Vnde ob ſubtilitatem omnia
                <lb/>
              in vnum conueniunt, miſtúmque denſius,
                <lb/>
              fit, & tamen ex ſubtiliſſimis compoſitum
                <lb/>
              partibus. </s>
              <s id="s.001176">Ergo in naturali coctione, vt quæ
                <lb/>
              in liquido duriſſima, etiam vim ignis obti­
                <lb/>
              neat, & mollis balnei in attenuando, partes
                <lb/>
              craſſiores comminuuntur, quod ab igne im­
                <lb/>
              petrari non poteſt.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg120"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001177">
                <margin.target id="marg116"/>
              Subtilitatis
                <lb/>
              in ſubſtantia
                <lb/>
              genera.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001178">
                <margin.target id="marg117"/>
              Subtilitates
                <lb/>
              ab arte, na­
                <lb/>
              tura, & igne
                <lb/>
              in quibus
                <lb/>
              differant.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001179">Plumbum
                <lb/>
              quomodo in
                <lb/>
              puluerem
                <lb/>
              tranſeat.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001180">Ignis quo­
                <lb/>
              modo atte­
                <lb/>
              nuet.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001181">
                <margin.target id="marg118"/>
              Diſtillatio­
                <lb/>
              nis vſus &
                <lb/>
              genera.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001182">
                <margin.target id="marg119"/>
              Ignis
                <expan abbr="nõ">non</expan>
              ve­
                <lb/>
              rè attenuat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001183">
                <margin.target id="marg120"/>
              Aquæ diflil­
                <lb/>
              latæ an vires
                <lb/>
              habeant.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001184">Sed ex his non leuis emergit dubitatio.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001185">Nam ſi ignis cuncta calefacit, ſiccátque,
                <lb/>
              omnes aquæ, quæ diſtillatione habentur,
                <lb/>
              calidæ ac ſiccæ eſſe deberent. </s>
              <s id="s.001186">Nec repugnat
                <lb/>
              ſubſtantia, quòd aquea ſit: talis enim cùm
                <lb/>
              fit ardens, & vritur, & corpora humana
                <lb/>
              egregiè excalefacit, ac ſiccat. </s>
              <s id="s.001187">Rurſus aquæ
                <lb/>
              omnes frigidæ ſunt ac humidæ, vincente
                <lb/>
              ſubſtantia. </s>
              <s id="s.001188">At neutrum ſemper verum eſt,
                <lb/>
              imò aliquæ ex his ſimiliores ſunt his, à
                <lb/>
              quibus excipiuntur: vt roſàcea, odore, ſa­
                <lb/>
              pore, viribus. </s>
              <s id="s.001189">Vrceus aquæ plantaginis
                <lb/>
              fluentem vndequaque ſanguinem ſiſtere po­
                <lb/>
              teſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001190">Non idem facit lactucæ aqua, etſi ſit
                <lb/>
              frigidior. </s>
              <s id="s.001191">Quidam nuper dum memoriam
                <lb/>
              augere niteretur, meliſſam triduo albo vino
                <lb/>
              infundit, inde leuiter expreſſo vino, aquam
                <lb/>
              diſtillando collegit, cuius potu memoriam
                <lb/>
              recuperare viſus eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001192">Sed cùm calidi eſſet ie­
                <lb/>
              coris, bonam valetudinem penè funditus
                <lb/>
              euertit. </s>
              <s id="s.001193">Atque hunc modum Chymiſtæ vo­
                <lb/>
              cant, ſtellas cœlo infigere. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001194">Quæri igitur ſolet, an aquæ hæ proprias
                <lb/>
              vires retineant? </s>
              <s id="s.001195">Diximus olim, dum de malo
                <lb/>
              medendi vſu loqueremur, nullas eſſe vires,
                <lb/>
              quòd odore, & ſapore
                <expan abbr="deſtituãtur">deſtituantur</expan>
              . </s>
              <s id="s.001196">Abſynthij
                <lb/>
              enim aqua, nec
                <expan abbr="abſynthiũ">abſynthium</expan>
              redolet nec amara
                <lb/>
              eſt: imò quod mirum eſt, ſubdulcis. </s>
              <s id="s.001197">
                <expan abbr="Ardẽs">Ardens</expan>
              ta­
                <lb/>
              men, vt roſaceam præteream,
                <expan abbr="fidẽ">fidem</expan>
              facit ineſſe
                <lb/>
              vim aquis. </s>
              <s id="s.001198">Nam ſi talem ob ignem eſſe di­
                <lb/>
              cas, qui eſt quòd nulla aliarum talis ſit?
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001199">Nam hæc egregiè calefacit, ſiccat, pene­
                <lb/>
              trat, acutum olet, ardet. </s>
              <s id="s.001200">Itaque vires aquis
                <lb/>
              iam ineſſe certum eſt, ſed nec omnibus, nec
                <lb/>
              æquas. </s>
              <s id="s.001201">Quæcunque enim res tenuem ſub­
                <lb/>
              ſtantiam habent frigidæque iunctam, aquam
                <lb/>
              emittunt ſibi non abſimilem, vt roſa. </s>
              <s id="s.001202">Quæ
                <lb/>
              verò tenuem & calidam ſimilem ſed vren­
                <lb/>
              tem emittunt, vt vinum, & metallicorum
                <lb/>
              quædam. </s>
              <s id="s.001203">Quæ craſſam & calidam, diſſimilem
                <lb/>
              & prauam, vt abſynthium. </s>
              <s id="s.001204">quæ craſſam ac
                <lb/>
              frigidam, diſſimilem, ſed non prauam, vt cu­
                <lb/>
              curbitæ. </s>
              <s id="s.001205">Iuxta hanc rationem vires aqua-</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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