Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001364">
                <pb pagenum="387" xlink:href="016/01/036.jpg"/>
              prunas abſque flamma impone: nec pene­
                <lb/>
              trat oleum refugiens ignem, nec ardet char­
                <lb/>
              ta, quia non poteſt ſiccari, oleo repugnan­
                <lb/>
              te: ignis verò non ſine extrema ſiccitate,
                <lb/>
              nec flamma, nec motus attenuare poſſunt,
                <lb/>
              vt ignis accendatur, incaleſcit tamen ſen­
                <lb/>
              ſim mutatis prunis atque ita feruet, quod
                <lb/>
              mirum videtur, adeò vt impoſiti piſces co­
                <lb/>
              quantur. </s>
              <s id="s.001365">Sed cur filum ouo circundatum, non
                <lb/>
              ſolùm in prunis, ſed nec in flamma ardet?
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001366">quia non fit ignis, niſi calor ad ſummum
                <lb/>
              deducatur, at ſemper prohibetur ab ouo ne
                <lb/>
              ad ſummum deducatur, quia ouum comburi
                <lb/>
              non poteſt: at quod non comburitur, aliquo
                <lb/>
              modo ſemper refrigerat, quod eſt maximè
                <lb/>
              calidum. </s>
              <s id="s.001367">Eadem ratione linteum chryſtallo
                <lb/>
              polito ſuperpoſitum non ardet ſub pruna,
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg137"/>
                <lb/>
              etiamſi folle ſufflaueris. </s>
              <s id="s.001368">Sed ſi calor in
                <lb/>
              humido generat, cur non in aqua feruente
                <lb/>
              generatio? </s>
              <s id="s.001369">quia calor ille aut non eſt in ſub­
                <lb/>
              ſtantia aquæ, vel eſt etiam in alio quod ſic­
                <lb/>
              cum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001370">Indicio eſt, quòd aqua feruens vt
                <lb/>
              ignis vrit. </s>
              <s id="s.001371">Quòd verò in illius ſubſtantia
                <lb/>
              non ſit, indicat, quòd igne amoto aqua
                <lb/>
              ſpontè refrigeratur. </s>
              <s id="s.001372">Sed calor ſi in humido
                <lb/>
              ſit, generat: vt cùm caro ſoli exponitur,
                <lb/>
              vermiculi generantur, & in fimo vermes, &
                <lb/>
              in Ægypto oua fimo contecta pullos edunt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001373">Fertur & olim Liuiam Auguſtam cùm ouum
                <lb/>
              fouiſſet in ſinu, alternantibus per vices an­
                <lb/>
              cillis, eduxiſſe criſtatum gallum. </s>
              <s id="s.001374">Calor ve­
                <lb/>
              rò putridus è genere eſt ignei, quia ſiccus:
                <lb/>
              ſed ſimilis eſt naturali, quia cum generatio­
                <lb/>
              ne eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001375">Differt ab igneo, quia motum non ha­
                <lb/>
              bet manifeſtum: igneus autem habet, ideò
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg138"/>
                <lb/>
              ex altero in alterum tranſitus. </s>
              <s id="s.001376">Nam igneus
                <lb/>
              moderatus putrefacit, putridus auctus vrit,
                <lb/>
              ardet, & accendit. </s>
              <s id="s.001377">Ob hoc putridæ febres
                <expan abbr="cũ">cum</expan>
                <lb/>
              tanto ſunt æſtu. </s>
              <s id="s.001378">Cur igitur igneus calor in
                <lb/>
              naturalem non poſſit tranſmutari, cauſæ ſunt
                <lb/>
              manifeſtæ. </s>
              <s id="s.001379">Nam igneus ſiccus eſt, & humi­
                <lb/>
              dior fieri nequit, qualis eſt naturalis. </s>
              <s id="s.001380">Igneus
                <lb/>
              etiam euocat, & ſeparat, naturalis intrò tra­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg139"/>
                <lb/>
              hit, & miſcet. </s>
              <s id="s.001381">Omnis enim calor humidus
                <lb/>
              miſcet. </s>
              <s id="s.001382">At naturalis in putridum, & igneum
                <lb/>
              tranſire poteſt, quia humidum à calore ſic­
                <lb/>
              catur. </s>
              <s id="s.001383">Ob hoc igitur ignis humida denigrare
                <lb/>
              ſolet, quia humidum exterius euocat, aërém­
                <lb/>
              que expellit, ſicca dealbat: quia quod erat hu­
                <lb/>
              midi, abſumit. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001384">
                <margin.target id="marg136"/>
              Quomodo in
                <lb/>
              charta piſces
                <lb/>
              velut in ſar­
                <lb/>
              tagine friga­
                <lb/>
              mus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001385">
                <margin.target id="marg137"/>
              Ouo filum
                <lb/>
              circumdu­
                <lb/>
              ctum in igne
                <lb/>
              non ardet.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001386">
                <margin.target id="marg138"/>
              Colorum in­
                <lb/>
              uicem tranſ­
                <lb/>
              mutationes.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001387">
                <margin.target id="marg139"/>
              Ignis cur
                <lb/>
              aliqua deal­
                <lb/>
              bet, aliqua
                <lb/>
              denigret.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001388">Rurſus dubitabis, ſi ignis agit in aquam,
                <lb/>
              aërem generat, cur non igitur humidum pin­
                <lb/>
              gue? </s>
              <s id="s.001389">Reſpondeo, pingue fit ob miſtionem,
                <lb/>
              ignis autem ſeparat. </s>
              <s id="s.001390">Separat autem propriæ
                <lb/>
              vtilitatis cauſa, quia aqueum propellit,
                <lb/>
              quod vri nequit, velut in lignis viridibus,
                <lb/>
              quæ cùm accenduntur, aquam exudant.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001391">Depaſcitur autem pingue humidum, in
                <lb/>
              quod olim dum viueret, calor naturalis fun­
                <lb/>
              datus erat. </s>
              <s id="s.001392">Ergo quod ardet, tenuiſſimum
                <lb/>
              & ſicciſſimum eſſe neceſſe eſt, vt palea,
                <lb/>
              aqua ardens, pyrius puluis. </s>
              <s id="s.001393">Sed in hoc ali­
                <lb/>
              quid eſt terreum propter halinitrum, ideó­
                <lb/>
              que ſtrepitum edit. </s>
              <s id="s.001394">Conati ſunt ob id qui­
                <lb/>
              dam detracto halinitro puluerem compone­
                <lb/>
              re, qui ſine ſtrepitu ſphærulam emitteret.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001395">Quòd ſi lentè, & ſine magna vi fieri poteſt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001396">Atque hunc Braſauolus refert Ferrariæ Du­
                <lb/>
              cem inueniſſe, ſed qui ſine impetu, ac ad
                <lb/>
              XII. fermè tantum paſſus extenderet ictum:
                <lb/>
              cum magna autem vi
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              vt dixi ) penitùs eſt
                <lb/>
              impoſſibile. </s>
              <s id="s.001397">Detracto enim halinitro, ad­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg140"/>
                <lb/>
              huc adeò elaborari poterit puluis pyrius, vt
                <lb/>
              ſphærulam emittat, & ſine ſtrepitu. </s>
              <s id="s.001398">Sed in
                <lb/>
              vniuerſum, quantùm è ftrepitu, tantùm
                <lb/>
              ex impetu detraxeris. </s>
              <s id="s.001399">Ergo ſubiecta mate­
                <lb/>
              ria ignem variare ſolet, atque illius vires:
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg141"/>
                <lb/>
              adeò vt ignis è carbonibus vel lignis ſoli­
                <lb/>
              dioribus, vt quercu, vel lapidibus, aut in
                <lb/>
              metallis fixus, viſum non leuiter offendat,
                <lb/>
              cùm ex ſaligneis ac ſtipulis innoxiùs penè
                <lb/>
              ſit. </s>
              <s id="s.001400">Vt enim ſolidior eſt materia, ita ignis
                <lb/>
              denſior eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001401">Omnis enim calor talis eſt,
                <lb/>
              quale alimentum. </s>
              <s id="s.001402">Vnde ſolidiora alimen­
                <lb/>
              ta robuſtiorem calorem efficiunt. </s>
              <s id="s.001403">In­
                <lb/>
              de ſplendor maior ac viuacior, qui ſpiritus
                <lb/>
              in oculo hebetat, & tenuiſſimum illud hu­
                <lb/>
              midum, in quo videndi vis ſita eſt, ſiccat,
                <lb/>
              & conſumit. </s>
              <s id="s.001404">Eadem ratione, quod tamen
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg142"/>
                <lb/>
              magis mirum eſt, metalla igne liquata è li­
                <lb/>
              gnis mollibus tenaciora redduntur, & mol­
                <lb/>
              liora: è validioribus autem dura, & fragi­
                <lb/>
              lia, tantùm poteſt materiæ varietas. </s>
              <s id="s.001405">Suſcipit
                <lb/>
              & varietatem à natura propria & modo ap­
                <lb/>
              plicandi. </s>
              <s id="s.001406">Imbecillis eſt cùm ſupponitur, vt
                <lb/>
              cùm carnes coquimus, applicatur ſub, vt ve­
                <lb/>
              hementiùs agat: nam (vt diximus) ignis na­
                <lb/>
              turâ ſursùm tendit. </s>
              <s id="s.001407">Proximus huic eſt: quem
                <lb/>
              vocant reflexum: fit cùm ſuprà & infrà ap­
                <lb/>
              plicatur, vel à latere, oppoſito latere vim ig­
                <lb/>
              nis reddente: hoc mollia metalla eruuntur
                <lb/>
              ex lapidibus, quibus iuncta ſunt, & argen­
                <lb/>
              tum ab ære ſeparatur. </s>
              <s id="s.001408">Tertium genus eſt ig­
                <lb/>
              nis ambientis, cùm vndique res, quam vre­
                <lb/>
              re tentamus, aut colliquare, ab igne ſine
                <lb/>
              follibus circumambitur. </s>
              <s id="s.001409">Extremus modus
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg143"/>
                <lb/>
              eſt, quo nullus violentior, cùm difficilli­
                <lb/>
              mas materias duriſſimis lapidibus miſtas col­
                <lb/>
              liquare volumus. </s>
              <s id="s.001410">Fit autem hoc modo: Va­
                <lb/>
              ſa longitudinis cubitorum quatuor, aut ſal­
                <lb/>
              tem trium, latitudinis dodrantis, craſſitu­
                <lb/>
              dinis digitorum trium, in imo flexa, ac ad
                <lb/>
              cubiti figuram fermè formata, ſine fundo,
                <lb/>
              ex ſilice nigro maculis albis inſperſo fiunt:
                <lb/>
              in medio longitudinis foramen, atque in eo
                <lb/>
              canalis ad vnguem collocatus, per quem
                <lb/>
              ſpiritus follium intùs feratur: in imo fora­
                <lb/>
              men, per quod liquata materia deſcendat.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001411">Ima pars vaſis obſtruitur, eo ( vt dixi) reli­
                <lb/>
              cto oſculo, argilla & carbonibus tritis ſimul
                <lb/>
              tuſis, & in formam cæmenti ac tenaciorem
                <lb/>
              redactis. </s>
              <s id="s.001412">Hæc ſic diſpoſita, à ſimilitudine
                <lb/>
              Manicæ metallicæ dicuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.001413">Implentur in­
                <lb/>
              tùs materia, quam liquare propoſitum eſt,
                <lb/>
              atque carbonibus alternatim concluſus hic
                <lb/>
              ignis ſummam habet vim, cunctáque ne­
                <lb/>
              ceſſe eſt, ſi non colliquantur, vri. </s>
              <s id="s.001414">Non vul­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg144"/>
                <lb/>
              garis vtilitas eſt ſpiritus, qui per
                <expan abbr="canalẽ">canalem</expan>
              ex
                <lb/>
              follibus intùs immittitur: hic primò, quòd
                <lb/>
              palàm eſt, ignem accendit, & flammam ſuſ­
                <lb/>
              citat, ipſúmque ignem cogit vehementiùs
                <lb/>
              penetrare. </s>
              <s id="s.001415">Secundò, cùm frigidus ſit, conce­
                <lb/>
              ptum a metallo calorem cogit, ac intrò pel­
                <lb/>
              lit, atque ſic materiam in qua eſt, diſſoluit.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001416">Tertiò ſi quid liquatum eſt, ne vratur, pro­
                <lb/>
              hibet, calorémque mitigat. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001417">
                <margin.target id="marg140"/>
              Puluis pyrius
                <lb/>
              abſque ſtre­
                <lb/>
              pitu ſphæru­
                <lb/>
              lam eiiciens
                <lb/>
              è machinis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001418">
                <margin.target id="marg141"/>
              Ignis offen­
                <lb/>
              dens viſum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001419">
                <margin.target id="marg142"/>
              Ignis qui
                <lb/>
              mollia red­
                <lb/>
              dit metalla,
                <lb/>
              vel dura.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001420">Varia
                <expan abbr="igniũ">ignium</expan>
                <lb/>
              vis ex appli­
                <lb/>
              catione.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001421">
                <margin.target id="marg143"/>
              Manicæ me­
                <lb/>
              tallicæ.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001422">
                <margin.target id="marg144"/>
              Vtilitas fol­
                <lb/>
              lium in li­
                <lb/>
              quandis me­
                <lb/>
              tallis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001423">Supereſt his viſis, vt dubitationes ali­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg145"/>
                <lb/>
              quas diſſoluamus, quarum prima eſt, ſi ca­
                <lb/>
              lidum in humido concoquit, atque aërem
                <lb/>
              etiam, ſeu calidam & humidam materiam </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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