Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

Table of figures

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000945">
                <pb pagenum="379" xlink:href="016/01/028.jpg"/>
              ſi ſphæra quam emittere debet, ſit pon­
                <lb/>
              do XX. erit machina pondo MM. </s>
              <s id="s.000946">Craſſitu­
                <lb/>
              do in imo, vbi pulueris locus eſt, dodrans
                <lb/>
              dimetientis ſphærulæ. </s>
              <s id="s.000947">Licet autem & pon­
                <lb/>
              dus, & menſuram cum eo machinæ augere;
                <lb/>
              ſed minuere citra periculum fracturæ haud
                <lb/>
              licet. </s>
              <s id="s.000948">In ſummo craſſitudo labri machinæ
                <lb/>
              non minor triente dimetientis ſphærulæ.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000949">Canalis dimetientis ( vt dixi ) æqualis dime­
                <lb/>
              tienti ſphærulæ & pulueris pyrij pondus
                <expan abbr="põ-deri">pon­
                  <lb/>
                deri</expan>
              ipſius ſphærulæ. </s>
              <s id="s.000950">In minoribus
                <expan abbr="tamẽ">tamen</expan>
              tor­
                <lb/>
              mentis machinæ pondus ac craſſitudo maio­
                <lb/>
              rem ad ſphærulam proportionem habere de­
                <lb/>
              bet ob ſecuritatem, atque eadem ratione
                <lb/>
              pulueris pondus minus eſſe quàm ſpærulæ.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.000951">Patet ex hoc ratio quantum ſpatij imum
                <lb/>
              debeat capere, nempe quantum ſatis eſt ad
                <lb/>
              continendum puluerem, qui pondus ſphæ­
                <lb/>
              rulæ æquet. </s>
              <s id="s.000952">Foramen vbi ignis accenditur,
                <lb/>
              fundi partem etiam obtineat: nam machi­
                <lb/>
              na non adeò retrò agitur, cùm ignis ſolùm
                <lb/>
              prorſum accendatur: ob id rectius collima­
                <lb/>
              re ictu licet, & minore periculo. </s>
              <s id="s.000953">Nam cùm
                <lb/>
              multum retrò aguntur, paruæ lædunt mili­
                <lb/>
              tes, qui eis vtuntur: magnæ, ſi non conti­
                <lb/>
              neantur, incertos edunt ictus, & labefa­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg94"/>
                <lb/>
              ctant currus quibus inſident: ſi vi conſiſtere
                <lb/>
              cogantur, fracturæ periculum ſuberint. </s>
              <s id="s.000954">Eſt
                <lb/>
              igitur hoc vnum fracturæ ſignum, vt vehe­
                <lb/>
              menter retrò agatur: aliud, ſi menſura non
                <lb/>
              conueniat, vt cùm tenuior fuerit, aut ar­
                <lb/>
              ctior quàm oporteat, vel inæqualis vel obli­
                <lb/>
              qua, quo nil fermè eſt deterius. </s>
              <s id="s.000955">Tertium ſi­
                <lb/>
              gnum eſt, cum materia ipſa fuerit ſquamo­
                <lb/>
              ſa aut minimè tenax, aut veſicis plena, aut
                <lb/>
              rimam obduxerit. </s>
              <s id="s.000956">Quartum, cùm æruginem
                <lb/>
              contraxerit, aut aqua maduerit: quo errore
                <lb/>
              dum pompa Papiæ, anno M. D. X L V I.
                <lb/>
              ſolemnis corporis Chriſti ageretur, quin­
                <lb/>
              que aut ſex viri ex his qui pompam ſeque­
                <lb/>
              bantur, fractis tormentis perierunt. </s>
              <s id="s.000957">Quin­
                <lb/>
              tum eſt, ſi plus pulueris, aut tenuiorem pro
                <lb/>
              craſſiore immiſeris. </s>
              <s id="s.000958">Nimis enim aucto ig­
                <lb/>
              ne, nec moram ad exitum inueniente, fran­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg95"/>
                <lb/>
              gitur machina. </s>
              <s id="s.000959">Accidit & fractura, dum
                <lb/>
              ſphærula nimis violenter intruditur. </s>
              <s id="s.000960">Auxi­
                <lb/>
              lium præſtat ne frangatur ſuſpecta iam ma­
                <lb/>
              china, ſi dum excutere ſphærulam debet,
                <lb/>
              in terra iacet: nam ea libertate in eam par­
                <lb/>
              tem agitur, ad quam ignis impellit: ſed
                <lb/>
              tum valde incerto ictu & exitu. </s>
              <s id="s.000961">Ob id ma­
                <lb/>
              gnas machinas in curribus mobilibus ita
                <lb/>
              collocant, vt ſolo ac finitori æquidiſtan­
                <lb/>
              tes ſint: atque ſic dum ignem concepe­
                <lb/>
              rint, recta retrò, citráque periculum agantur.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg96"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000962">
                <margin.target id="marg87"/>
              Fulmen cur
                <lb/>
              tantam ha­
                <lb/>
              beat vim.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000963">
                <margin.target id="marg88"/>
                <expan abbr="Fulmẽ">Fulmen</expan>
              quo­
                <lb/>
              modo cru
                <lb/>
              mena illæſa
                <lb/>
              pecunias li­
                <lb/>
              quet.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000964">
                <margin.target id="marg89"/>
              Ignis lateres
                <lb/>
              vrens.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000965">
                <margin.target id="marg90"/>
              Fulmen ra­
                <lb/>
              rò columnas
                <lb/>
              ferit, & cur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000966">
                <margin.target id="marg91"/>
              Aduerſus
                <lb/>
              fulgura
                <lb/>
              cautio.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000967">
                <margin.target id="marg92"/>
                <expan abbr="Machinarũ">Machinarum</expan>
                <lb/>
              ignearum
                <lb/>
              vis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000968">
                <margin.target id="marg93"/>
              Modus ma­
                <lb/>
              chinas igneas
                <lb/>
              faciendi.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000969">
                <margin.target id="marg94"/>
              Signa machi­
                <lb/>
              næ quæ fra­
                <lb/>
              cturæ obno­
                <lb/>
              xia ſit.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000970">
                <margin.target id="marg95"/>
              Auxilium
                <lb/>
              machinarum
                <lb/>
              ne frangan­
                <lb/>
              tur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.000971">
                <margin.target id="marg96"/>
                <expan abbr="Machinarũ">Machinarum</expan>
                <lb/>
              bellicarum
                <lb/>
              duo genera
                <lb/>
              noua.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.000972">Eſt & aliud genus ignei tormenti nouum,
                <lb/>
              cubiti & ſemis longitudine, pondere libra­
                <lb/>
              rum LXX. vſque ad LXXX. </s>
              <s id="s.000973">Canalis capit
                <lb/>
              ſphæram pilæ paruæ magnitudine. </s>
              <s id="s.000974">Ferreo
                <lb/>
              baculo dum exoneratur, ſuſtinetur, caudá­
                <lb/>
              que continetur: vnius hominis onus ac ma­
                <lb/>
              china: cæterùm ob craſſitudinem mirum in
                <lb/>
              modum valida, nec minus tuta. </s>
              <s id="s.000975">Aliud, in
                <lb/>
              quo cauitas ampla iuxta foramen: varij mo­
                <lb/>
              dioli cauitati imponuntur, omnes eiuſdem
                <lb/>
              magnitudinis, quorum canales canalibus
                <lb/>
              machinæ è directo correſpondent, vt muta­
                <lb/>
              tis modiolis non concaleſcat machina. </s>
              <s id="s.000976">Vi­
                <arrow.to.target n="marg97"/>
                <lb/>
              dimus hæc Papię Principis Saxoniæ inuen­
                <lb/>
              ta. </s>
              <s id="s.000977">Fiunt
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              vt dixi) è Cyprio ære maiores, ſed
                <lb/>
              tutiſſimæ è ferro, vnde nunc minores om­
                <lb/>
              nes: maiores tamen ex ferro efficere opero­
                <lb/>
              ſum eſt, ob id pleræque è Cyprio ære. </s>
              <s id="s.000978">Tor­
                <lb/>
              no minores, maiores liquato metallo pla­
                <lb/>
              ſtices opera: inde etiam torno. </s>
              <s id="s.000979">Fiunt au­
                <lb/>
              tem typi pro fingendis machinis plerunque
                <lb/>
              è tribus fruſtis, quoniam ex vno fingere ni­
                <lb/>
              mis eſſet difficile, quando vel ſic etiam gra­
                <lb/>
              ue ſit. </s>
              <s id="s.000980">Pars vna canalis, ſecunda embolus
                <lb/>
              maſculus, tertia ſedes. </s>
              <s id="s.000981">Ipſa verò machina
                <lb/>
              plerunque ex vno conſtat fruſto. </s>
              <s id="s.000982">Vidi etiam
                <lb/>
              ex duobus conſtantem, ac tornatili vitæ al­
                <lb/>
              teram altera ab imo alligatam. </s>
              <s id="s.000983">Materia (vt
                <lb/>
              dixi) æs Cyprium factitium. </s>
              <s id="s.000984">Conſtat ære
                <lb/>
              ipſo, & ſeptima fermè parte plumbi nigri
                <lb/>
              vel candidi, vel aurichalco. </s>
              <s id="s.000985">Sed impetus
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg98"/>
                <lb/>
              tanti ratio in pyrio puluere eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000986">Hic conſtat
                <lb/>
              ex tribus partibus halinitri, & duabus ſali­
                <lb/>
              gnei carbonis, atque vna ſulphuris: conue­
                <lb/>
              nitque magnis machinis. </s>
              <s id="s.000987">Sed mediocribus
                <lb/>
              halinitri partes decem, ſalignei carboni
                <lb/>
              tres, ſulphuris duæ. </s>
              <s id="s.000988">Paruis verò halinitri
                <lb/>
              partes decem, carbonis lignorum nucis
                <lb/>
              auellanæ abſque nodis, tum ſulphuris, par­
                <lb/>
              tem vnam ſingulorum. </s>
              <s id="s.000989">Contundantur hæc
                <lb/>
              ligneo malleo, madefacta priùs aqua putei,
                <lb/>
              ne ignem dum tunduntur concipiant. </s>
              <s id="s.000990">Sunt
                <lb/>
              qui acetum addant, qui ardentem aquam,
                <lb/>
              ac ſiccent in ſole, ſed non tundunt tunc: fa­
                <lb/>
              cilè enim ignem poſſent concipere. </s>
              <s id="s.000991">Verùm
                <lb/>
              tota cura eſt, vt omnia ſic à terrena parte
                <lb/>
              expurgata ſint, maximè halinitrum, vt to­
                <lb/>
              tum ardeat, nec quicquam ſuperſit. </s>
              <s id="s.000992">Dein­
                <lb/>
              de, vt ad tenuiſſimas partes redigatur, ſic
                <lb/>
              enim partes partibus optimè hærebunt: hoc
                <lb/>
              fiet, ſi ſæpiùs contundatur, madeſcat, ſic­
                <lb/>
              cetúrque. </s>
              <s id="s.000993">Tertiò, vt cùm perfectus fuerit,
                <lb/>
              in ſole ſiccetur: nam iuxta ignem apponere
                <lb/>
              periculoſiſſimum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.000994">Ergo iam tanti effectus
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg99"/>
                <lb/>
              cauſa quæratur. </s>
              <s id="s.000995">Impoſitus hic puluis in ma­
                <lb/>
              chinam, ſphæruláque obducta, adiecto ab
                <lb/>
              imo machinæ extrinſecus igne illicò fermè
                <lb/>
              totus àccenditur, ac maius quàm centuplum
                <lb/>
              ſpatium occupare nititur: quòd enim exi­
                <lb/>
              guus puluis in vola manus non minus quàm
                <lb/>
              centuplum ſpatij occupet, experimentum
                <lb/>
              oſtendet, cùm ſi quantum eſt granum milij,
                <lb/>
              ex hoc puluere accendatur, locum nucis ig­
                <lb/>
              ne compleat. </s>
              <s id="s.000996">Oſtendit & ratio: nam ignis
                <lb/>
              rara materia ac tenuis magnis limitibus
                <lb/>
              continetur, cùm terra & puluis ſolida ſint
                <lb/>
              ac denſa. </s>
              <s id="s.000997">Itaque accenſus iam puluis cùm
                <lb/>
              in arcto ſit, violenter excutit machinam
                <lb/>
              vndique, nec aliubi faciliorem exitum in­
                <lb/>
              ueniens, quàm vbi ſphærula vi incluſa fuit,
                <lb/>
              eam magno conatu elidit, primò per canalis
                <lb/>
              ſpatium, inde ea ſeruata vehementia foràs
                <lb/>
              expellit, & continuato inde impetu ſpatia
                <lb/>
              terrarum longa ſuperat, & obuia quæque
                <lb/>
              euertit ac diruit. </s>
              <s id="s.000998">Par eſt etiam cum magno
                <lb/>
              ſtrepitu hæc fieri, cùm ignis ille affatim &
                <lb/>
              tanto impetu exeat, & aërem repentè con­
                <lb/>
              cutiat. </s>
              <s id="s.000999">Ipſa quoque ſphærula ſtridulum
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg100"/>
                <lb/>
              quendam ſonum, dum aërem velox diuidit,
                <lb/>
              excitat. </s>
              <s id="s.001000">Tum verò halinitrum, & omne ſa­
                <lb/>
              lis genus, ſpontè etiam in libero igne po­
                <lb/>
              ſitum non leuem crepitum excitat. </s>
              <s id="s.001001">His tri­
                <lb/>
              bus cauſis, ſed prima præcipuè, dum exo­
                <lb/>
              neratur machina, fragor tantus, ac tonitru
                <lb/>
              non abſimilis excitatur. </s>
              <s id="s.001002">Sed ſi puluis non </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>