Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

Table of figures

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            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001090">
                <pb pagenum="382" xlink:href="016/01/031.jpg"/>
              cendit, aut ſi impetu cogatur, celeriter deſ­
                <lb/>
              cendit. </s>
              <s id="s.001091">Cùm igitur lentè deſcendant quæ­
                <lb/>
              dam, non ex ſolo aëre illæ conſtant. </s>
              <s id="s.001092">Ergo
                <lb/>
              quòd non ſit in lapide ignis conceptus, re­
                <lb/>
              ctè dixit Alexander: vret enim ignis lapi­
                <lb/>
              dem, & rurſus lapis tangentis manum,
                <lb/>
              & facilè accenderetur, & alimento indige­
                <lb/>
              ret, & duobus lapidibus concuſſis ſimul fa­
                <lb/>
              cilè elideretur, vt duobus chalcedoniis, at­
                <lb/>
              tritus enim ſufficeret ad elidendum ignem:
                <lb/>
              quorum nullum cum verum ſit, liquidò con­
                <lb/>
              ſtat ignem in lapide non contineri. </s>
              <s id="s.001093">Sed nec
                <lb/>
              rurſus ( vt dixi
                <emph type="italics"/>
              )
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              ex aëre generantur: nam
                <lb/>
              lapides vt duriores ſunt, indigent maiore
                <lb/>
              percuſſione vt ignis generetur. </s>
              <s id="s.001094">Ergo ſi ſo­
                <lb/>
              lùm ſufficeret aërem repentè concuti ex tali
                <lb/>
              ictu, qualis eſt is quo è chalybe, & chry­
                <lb/>
              ſtallo ignis excutitur, ex duobus chalybis
                <lb/>
              fruſtis poſſet ignis generari: at non eſt ſic,
                <lb/>
              ſed, ( vt dixi
                <emph type="italics"/>
              )
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              duriora vehementiores ictus
                <lb/>
              expoſcunt, ignémque creant ſolidiorem ac
                <lb/>
              viuaciorem, vt cuius quandoque ſcintilla
                <lb/>
              non paruo maneat tempore. </s>
              <s id="s.001095">Quinetiam qui­
                <lb/>
              dam ſunt lapides vitrei ac molles, qui leuiſ­
                <lb/>
              ſimis ictibus, vel ſolùm tacti, ignem, ſed
                <lb/>
              minimè viuacem, edunt. </s>
              <s id="s.001096">Indicium verò
                <lb/>
              certum eſt ex lapidis ſubſtantia ignem ge­
                <lb/>
              nerari, quòd ſine illius attritione nunquam
                <lb/>
              eliditur: aër etiam
                <emph type="italics"/>
              (
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              vt diximus) in flam­
                <lb/>
              mam, non ſcintillas, vertitur. </s>
              <s id="s.001097">Quinetiam
                <lb/>
              molæ circumactæ, cùm aqua non aëre ob­
                <lb/>
              ductæ ſint, ignem tamen emittunt: lapides
                <lb/>
              etiam ipſi non niſi ex angulis. </s>
              <s id="s.001098">Itaque non
                <lb/>
              in lapidibus abditus latet ignis, nec concuſ­
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              ſo aëre ex aëre generantur. </s>
              <s id="s.001099">Sed nec quòd in
                <lb/>
              illis potentia ſit ignis, vllum certum eſt in­
                <lb/>
              dicium: vix enim in ignem proiecti accen­
                <lb/>
              duntur, nec à frigido vnquam inflamman­
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              tur, & epoti ſtrenuè refrigerant. </s>
              <s id="s.001100">Quare ma­
                <lb/>
              nifeſtum eſt, ex attritione lapidis ad tenuiſ­
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              ſimas partes illius ſubſtantia redacta, ignem
                <lb/>
              generari, eſſéque huius materiam, vel il­
                <lb/>
              lius ad hoc aptiorem. </s>
              <s id="s.001101">Namque puriores ac
                <lb/>
              non parum duri, ac tenui ſubſtantia con­
                <lb/>
              ſtantes, vt chalcedonij, chryſtalli, atque
                <lb/>
              huiuſcemodi, aptiſſimi ſunt: contrà fragi­
                <lb/>
              les, aut præduri, aut craſſa conſtantes ſub­
                <lb/>
              ſtantia, minimè apti. </s>
              <s id="s.001102">Sic etiam ex ſagittæ
                <lb/>
              motu plumbum liqueſcit: quoniam extre­
                <lb/>
              mæ partes, minimè angulorum, quæ tenuiſ­
                <lb/>
              ſimæ ſunt, atteruntur. </s>
              <s id="s.001103">Idem contingit in
                <lb/>
              longo motu, quòd in pluribus exiguis repe­
                <lb/>
              titis: velut cùm tabulæ gladium affricamus:
                <lb/>
              ſed hic eo vehementior attritio, quo id quod
                <lb/>
              ſuppoſitum eſt, etiam duritie ſua reſiſtit, vt
                <lb/>
              aër in medio compreſſus dum attenuatur at­
                <lb/>
              tenuat. </s>
              <s id="s.001104">Sed ad id vnde digreſſus eram, de
                <lb/>
              motu accendente calorem, reuerti opus eſt:
                <lb/>
              nam ex hoc omnia fermè pendêre videntur.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001105">Itaque ex aqua ignem vnquam accendi vi­
                <lb/>
              demus, ex aëre autem non niſi propagatio­
                <lb/>
              ne, non motu: & ſi humidorum aliquod
                <lb/>
              accenditur, vt oleum ac vinum, ab igne,
                <lb/>
              non non motu, inflammatur. </s>
              <s id="s.001106">Ergo quod
                <lb/>
              motu accenditur, ſiccum eſſe oportet, non
                <lb/>
              humidum: quod verò ab alio igne, etiam
                <lb/>
              humidum eſſe poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001107">Quòd igitur ſiccum
                <lb/>
              eſt ac vehementer, iam ex dimidio ignis
                <lb/>
              eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001108">Eſt enim ( vt dixi ) ignis vehemens cali­
                <lb/>
              ditas ac ſiccitas. </s>
              <s id="s.001109">Indiget igitur hoc quod
                <lb/>
              ſiccum eſt, vt tantum incaleſcat: verùm
                <lb/>
              partis & totius eadem ratio eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001110">Si enim in­
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              caleſcit motu vehementi, etiam vehemen­
                <lb/>
              ter incaleſcet. </s>
              <s id="s.001111">Cùm igitur ſiccum motu col­
                <lb/>
              liditur, vt rarum euadat ac tenuè neceſſe
                <lb/>
              eſt: at tenuis ſubſtantia & ſicca, ignea eſt.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001112">Vnaquæque enim materia ſub certa quan­
                <lb/>
              titate formam ad ſe rapit. </s>
              <s id="s.001113">Hoc ſolùm eſt igi­
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              tur bene dictum, quòd calor ille qui è ſyde­
                <lb/>
              bus miſtis ineſt ſiccæ iunctus materiæ, dum
                <lb/>
              motu nimis attenuatur non repugnante hu­
                <lb/>
              mido, quippe cùm ſiccam eam iam ſuppo­
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              ſuerimus, nec formà priore vt pote lapidis,
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              adeò ob tenuitatem debilitatæ, ne ſimul
                <lb/>
              qualitates lapidis adeſſent, abeſſet verò ſub­
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              ſtantia, ignis formam ſuſcipiunt calore
                <lb/>
              agente. </s>
              <s id="s.001114">Ergo hic modus coïtioni, quaſi con­
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              trarius eſt: in illo conſtante materia calor
                <lb/>
              cogitur, hîc ſub eodem calore materia ip­
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              ſa attenuatur. </s>
              <s id="s.001115">Indicio eſt hanc eſſe cau­
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              ſam, quòd aqua motu in aërem verti­
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              tur, vt quiſque vbi illæ cadunt magno im­
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              petu poteſt videre. </s>
              <s id="s.001116">Nam attenuata ſubſtan­
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              tia cùm humido iuncta ſit, aëris formam
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              induit.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg114"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001117">
                <margin.target id="marg111"/>
              Motus quo­
                <lb/>
              modo
                <expan abbr="calorẽ">calorem</expan>
                <lb/>
              & ignem ge­
                <lb/>
              neret.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001118">
                <margin.target id="marg112"/>
              Auerroës in
                <lb/>
              paraphraſi
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              Metaphy.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001119">tract. 2.
                <lb/>
              col. </s>
              <s id="s.001120">2.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001121">
                <margin.target id="marg113"/>
              Quomodo è
                <lb/>
              lapidibus ig­
                <lb/>
              nis excutia­
                <lb/>
              tur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001122">
                <margin.target id="marg114"/>
              Frigus nihil
                <lb/>
              eſt actu, ſed
                <lb/>
              ſola caloris
                <lb/>
              priuatio.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001123">Verùm dubitabis, in frigido aëre ac ma­
                <lb/>
              teria, in qua iam frigus ſuperat, vt in lapi­
                <lb/>
              de, cur calor inſurgit, cùm frigus ſit poten­
                <lb/>
              tius? </s>
              <s id="s.001124">Reſpondeo, frigus ſi pro actu intelli­
                <lb/>
              gatur, nihil eſſe niſi calorem illum exiguum:
                <lb/>
              quod autem non eſt, nullas habet opera­
                <lb/>
              tiones. </s>
              <s id="s.001125">Ob id frigus non inſurgit, cùm ſola
                <lb/>
              priuatio quædam ſit, ſed calor, qui tamen
                <lb/>
              ad paucitatem ſubiectæ materiæ compara­
                <lb/>
              tus, magnus eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001126">Indicio eſt frigus nihil om­
                <lb/>
              ninò eſſe præter caloris priuationem, ter­
                <lb/>
              tianarum rigor, in quo cùm nulla ſit mate­
                <lb/>
              ria frigida, ſed ſolius caloris fuga, frigus
                <lb/>
              tamen non leue ſentitur. </s>
              <s id="s.001127">Vbi ergo calor exi­
                <lb/>
              guus in materia pauca fuerit, ſeruatur. </s>
              <s id="s.001128">Ea­
                <lb/>
              dem ratione nec ſiccitas aliud eſt, quam hu­
                <lb/>
              midi priuatio. </s>
              <s id="s.001129">Quamobrem ſicca humectari
                <arrow.to.target n="marg115"/>
                <lb/>
              impoſſibile eſt, cum non ſit reditus ad ha­
                <lb/>
              bitum ex priuatione. </s>
              <s id="s.001130">Sed difficilius eſt hu­
                <lb/>
              mectare, quia humidum principium eſt ex
                <lb/>
              elemento, calor ex cœlo, quod ſemper dif­
                <lb/>
              fundit. </s>
              <s id="s.001131">Reſtaurantur igitur ſolis adiectis ma­
                <lb/>
              teriis. </s>
              <s id="s.001132">At infrigidare, aut ſiccare, faciliùs
                <lb/>
              conceditur, cùm impedimento conſtent hæ
                <lb/>
              mutationes. </s>
              <s id="s.001133">Iuſtè ætherem, & aquam prin­
                <lb/>
              cipium naturalium rerum antiqui poſuêre,
                <lb/>
              quòd in altero calor dominari exiſtimatur
                <lb/>
              in reliquo abundet humidum. </s>
              <s id="s.001134">Iuſtius aërem,
                <lb/>
              ſi ille calidus eſſet & humidus. </s>
              <s id="s.001135">Terram ne­
                <lb/>
              mo: nam ipſa frigida, ſiccáque eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001136">Sed ca­
                <lb/>
              lida præter naturam difficilè refrigerantur,
                <lb/>
              motus enim conſeruat. </s>
              <s id="s.001137">Ergo difficilius
                <lb/>
              quæ natura talia ſunt, motus enim eo­
                <lb/>
              rum perpetuus. </s>
              <s id="s.001138">Verùm in aëre frigido
                <lb/>
              ſcintilla ignis illicò, ni ſuccurratur, extin­
                <lb/>
              guitur. </s>
              <s id="s.001139">Sed aër non poteſt prohibere gene­
                <lb/>
              rationem quæ intus fit, illo tantùm circum­
                <lb/>
              ambiente. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001140">
                <margin.target id="marg115"/>
              Siccitas non
                <lb/>
              eſt niſi hu­
                <lb/>
              midi priua­
                <lb/>
              tio.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001141">Verùm rurſus dices: ſi frigus nihil eſt
                <lb/>
              actu, ſed ſola caloris priuatio, quomodo
                <lb/>
              frigida refrigerant, vt calida calefaciunt?
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001142">Frigus ſemper eſt cùm multa maria, im­
                <lb/>
              poſſibile verò tenuiſſimum aliquid eſſe fri­
                <lb/>
              gidum: multa materia impedit, nec ca­
                <lb/>
              lo penetrare poſſit neque moueri, quare hoc </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>