Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001038">
                <pb pagenum="381" xlink:href="016/01/030.jpg"/>
              autem plerique non ſolum dixerunt, ſed
                <lb/>
              etiam exiſtimauerunt, cùm tamen ambo ac­
                <lb/>
              cidentia ſint. </s>
              <s id="s.001039">Cauſa eſt in promptu. </s>
              <s id="s.001040">Acciden­
                <lb/>
              tia ſolemus appellare, quæ adſunt non cor­
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              rupto ſubiecto: talis autem videtur glacies.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001041">Nam gelu concreta aqua, lac, vinum, ſo­
                <lb/>
              luto gelu eadem conſpiciuntur. </s>
              <s id="s.001042">At igne ple­
                <lb/>
              raque corrumpuntur, & quæ manent, vt
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              lapides & metalla, læſa vehementer vi­
                <lb/>
              dentur, præter aurum & argentum, & pau­
                <lb/>
              culas gemmas: ob id ignem arbitrabantur
                <lb/>
              maius aliquid eſſe quàm calorem. </s>
              <s id="s.001043">Huius
                <lb/>
              tamen differentiæ cauſam ſuperius docui­
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              mus.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg104"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001044">
                <margin.target id="marg102"/>
              Cur ignis
                <lb/>
              ſub cineri­
                <lb/>
              bus ſeruatur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001045">
                <margin.target id="marg103"/>
              Cur ignem
                <lb/>
              magis ſub­
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              ſtantiam eſſe.
                <lb/>
              dicamus
                <lb/>
                <expan abbr="quã">quam</expan>
              glaciem.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001046">
                <margin.target id="marg104"/>
              An aliquis
                <lb/>
              ignis non
                <lb/>
              ſplendeat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001047">Erat & aliud dubitatione dignum: quo­
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              niam ignis quiddam à quocunque calore ſe­
                <lb/>
              paratum videbatur, non tamen eſt, licet co­
                <lb/>
              lorem mutet, & ſibi ſimilem facilè gignat.
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001048">Sed non omnis ignis ſplendet: etenim fer­
                <lb/>
              rum igneum ſulphur accendit & vrit, ex
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              quo patet ipſum ignis iam formam conce­
                <arrow.to.target n="marg105"/>
                <lb/>
              piſſe, nec tamen ſplendere. </s>
              <s id="s.001049">Ita diuerſa ra­
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              tione ignis quem ardens aqua emittit, non
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              ſolùm ob ſubſtantiæ raritatem, ſed quia mi­
                <lb/>
              nus calidus eſt: ob id etſi conſumatur &
                <lb/>
              ſplendeat, vix dicam illum ignem, qui lin­
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              teum cui inhæret, & quod aqua ipſa maduit,
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg106"/>
                <lb/>
              non vrat, ignem dici debere. </s>
              <s id="s.001050">Eadem ratio­
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              ſic ſi diutiùs diſtilletur, attenuetúrque ma­
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              gis, magno miraculo manus ardebit, neque
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              ſentiet. </s>
              <s id="s.001051">Itaque ſi quis rectè inſpiciat, poſt­
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              quàm calor certam metam attigit, ignis di­
                <lb/>
              ci meretur: hæc autem meta non vna eſt,
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              ſed quum aërem vincere poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001052">Quum verò
                <lb/>
              eò iam peruenerit, ſplendoris & lucis ac ro­
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              boris tantùm acquirit, quantum etiam ca­
                <lb/>
              lor ipſe, ipſéque ignis augetur. </s>
              <s id="s.001053">Vim verò
                <lb/>
              iuxta ſubſtantiæ, cui ineſt, denſitatem: nam
                <lb/>
              pruna calidior ob id flamma eſt, adeò vt py­
                <lb/>
              rius puluis à pruna ſtatim à flamma vix ac­
                <lb/>
              cendatur: atque id qui cauſam ignorant,
                <lb/>
              tanquam rem magnam admirantur. </s>
              <s id="s.001054">Ergo
                <lb/>
              vt ab initio dixi, ignis nihil aliud eſt, quàm
                <lb/>
              calor valde magnus cum ſiccitate iunctus:
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg107"/>
                <lb/>
              nam abſque ſiccitate ignis eſſe non poteſt,
                <lb/>
              aliter aqua feruens ignis eſſe poſſet. </s>
              <s id="s.001055">Non
                <lb/>
              minus igitur ignis eſſentia à ſiccitate ipſa
                <lb/>
              pendet, quàm à calore. </s>
              <s id="s.001056">Hac igitur de cau­
                <lb/>
              ſa faces è quocunque ligno facere edocti
                <lb/>
              ſumus: ſed ſi ex denſiore ac ſolidiore, diu­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg108"/>
                <lb/>
              turniores. </s>
              <s id="s.001057">Stolonem querneum, cubi craſ­
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              ſitudine à vertice ad imum diuides in pluri­
                <lb/>
              ma fruſta, velut duodecim, aut ſexdecim,
                <lb/>
              pluráve, ita vt imum integrum maneat, in­
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              de ſiccetur in furno duobus, tribúſve die­
                <lb/>
              bus: excluſo itaque humido aqueo quum
                <lb/>
              remaneat quod pingue eſt, ardet vt tœda:
                <lb/>
              & ſi longitudine hominem æquat, durat
                <lb/>
              alacris flamma per horæ ac dimidiæ ſpatium
                <lb/>
              lumine ſplendidiſſimo. </s>
              <s id="s.001058">Ergo, vt iam dixi,
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg109"/>
                <lb/>
              tam frigidis ignis extinguitur, quàm humi­
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              dis obruitur: ab humidis quidem duabus cau­
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              ſis, tum vt contrariis, tum quòd reſpirare ac
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              moueri illum prohibeant: à frigidis autem,
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              ſolùm vt contrariis. </s>
              <s id="s.001059">Ab aqua igitur, triplici
                <lb/>
              ratione extinguitur.
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg110"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001060">
                <margin.target id="marg105"/>
              Aqua
                <expan abbr="ardẽs">ardens</expan>
                <lb/>
              vritur illæſo
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              linteo quòd
                <lb/>
              ea madet.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001061">
                <margin.target id="marg106"/>
              Manus vt
                <lb/>
              ardeat ho­
                <lb/>
              mine non
                <lb/>
              ſentiente.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001062">
                <margin.target id="marg107"/>
              Ignis ratio
                <lb/>
              non minus
                <lb/>
              conſtat ſic­
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              citate quam
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              calore.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001063">
                <margin.target id="marg108"/>
              Faces quo­
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              modo è quo­
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              cunque ligno
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              fiant.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001064">
                <margin.target id="marg109"/>
              Ignis ab
                <lb/>
              aqua triplici
                <lb/>
              ratione ex­
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              tinguitur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001065">
                <margin.target id="marg110"/>
              Modi quibus
                <lb/>
              ignis genera­
                <lb/>
              tur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001066">Nunc tandem ſupereſt, vt cauſas gene­
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              rationis illius oſtendamus, neque leuem
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              habent in ſe obſcuritatem. </s>
              <s id="s.001067">Igitur primò,
                <lb/>
              quot modis fiat conſideremus. </s>
              <s id="s.001068">Fit autem
                <lb/>
              propagatione, antiſpaſi percuſſione, fri­
                <lb/>
              ctione, putredine, coïtione. </s>
              <s id="s.001069">Nam qui vel
                <lb/>
              ſpeculis concauis, vel ſphærulis perſpicuis
                <lb/>
              generantur, ad coïtionem manifeſtè perti­
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              net. </s>
              <s id="s.001070">Sed coïtionis obſcura ratio non eſt, nam­
                <lb/>
              que ſi denis viris nummos denos diſtri­
                <lb/>
              buas, ſinguli habebunt nummum: ſed ſi in
                <lb/>
              quinque, binos. </s>
              <s id="s.001071">Si igitur calor qui per ma­
                <lb/>
              gnum ſpatium diſperſus eſt, in vnum con­
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              trahatur, quicquid magnæ illi quantitati
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              inerat, & modicæ illi ineſt: quamobrem
                <lb/>
              magnus calor in paruo ſpatio contentus,
                <lb/>
              magnos effectus producet, magnúſque ob
                <lb/>
              id dici merebitur, atque ob id ignis. </s>
              <s id="s.001072">Hoc
                <lb/>
              enim adeò planè expoſitum eſt, vt repetere
                <lb/>
              haud ſit neceſſarium. </s>
              <s id="s.001073">Sed qui antiſpaſi fit,
                <lb/>
              ad coïtionem reducitur. </s>
              <s id="s.001074">Non enim ob aliud
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              antiſpaſis accedit, quàm quòd in vnum co­
                <lb/>
              git: ergo & huius cauſa cognita eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001075">Propa­
                <lb/>
              gatione autem oſtendimus quomodo gene­
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              retur ſuperius. </s>
              <s id="s.001076">Vnumquódque enim natura
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              conſtantium atque mortalium ſibi ſimile ge­
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              nerare aptum eſt, itaque nihil mirum ex ig­
                <lb/>
              ne ignem accendi: verùm frictio & percuſ­
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              ſio à motu initium habent: putredo autem
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              non ſufficit ignem accendere, ſed vel alio
                <lb/>
              calore confirmatur, aut motu, aut antiſpa­
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              ſi, atque coïtione. </s>
              <s id="s.001077">Itaque ſi quo modo mo­
                <arrow.to.target n="marg111"/>
                <lb/>
              tu ignis accendatur docuerimus, modos om­
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              nes ſimul quibus ignis accendi poſſit de­
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              monſtrabimus: & quòd tantùm tres verè
                <lb/>
              ſint, coïtio, propagationem motus, quan­
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              quam longè plures eſſe videantur. </s>
              <s id="s.001078">Oſtende­
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              re autem quomodo ignis à motu generetur,
                <lb/>
              non aliud eſt, quàm quomodo motus ſit
                <lb/>
              cauſa caloris demonſtrare: nam ſi motus eſt
                <lb/>
              cauſa caloris, erit & augmenti illius. </s>
              <s id="s.001079">Ignis
                <lb/>
              autem ( vt diximus ) nihil aliud eſt, quàm
                <lb/>
              color in immenſum auctus. </s>
              <s id="s.001080">Ergo quónam
                <lb/>
              pacto motus calefacit, inquirunt Ariſtote­
                <lb/>
              lici, ac multa nugantur: tandem verò ad id
                <lb/>
              redeunt, vt calor ſit effectus motus: eſtque
                <lb/>
              hoc ac ſi dicerent, Neſcimus. </s>
              <s id="s.001081">Idem enim
                <lb/>
              per idem oſtendere, certum nugacis atque
                <lb/>
              imperiti argumentum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001082">Quid tandem obſ­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg112"/>
                <lb/>
              curè & ſuo more dixerunt quidam, quòd
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              calor hic in aëre iam eſt, ſed per motum ad
                <lb/>
              formam illam deducitur, eſſéque hunc ca­
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              lorem illum qui à deſideribus prouenerit?
                <lb/>
              </s>
              <s id="s.001083">O egregium hominem: calida non cenſent
                <lb/>
              aſtra, inde calorem illum aſtrorum ignem
                <lb/>
              eſſe volunt. </s>
              <s id="s.001084">Quòd etſi caliditatem efficere
                <lb/>
              ſidera, quæ calida eſſe negant concedatur,
                <lb/>
              rurſus dubitatio emergit, quomodo calo­
                <lb/>
              rem illum motus augeat. </s>
              <s id="s.001085">Certum enim eſt,
                <lb/>
              conceptam caliditatem antè à ſyderibus abſ­
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              que motu nondum eſſe igneam. </s>
              <s id="s.001086">Alexander
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg113"/>
                <lb/>
              rectè ſentit in hoc, quòd non ex lapidibus
                <lb/>
              excutitur ignis, ſed aër qui ibi continetur,
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              attritu repentino vertitur in ignem. </s>
              <s id="s.001087">Sed ſi
                <lb/>
              ita eſt, cur non è ſolidiſſimis lapidibus, vt
                <lb/>
              porphyrite, ac duriſſimis magis excutitur,
                <lb/>
              quàm à mollioribus, vt chryſtallo & chal­
                <lb/>
              cedonio? </s>
              <s id="s.001088">Rurſus, cur non è duobus lapidi­
                <lb/>
              bus eiuſdem generis magis, vt chryſtallinis,
                <lb/>
              quàm è chryſtallo & chalybe ignis proue­
                <lb/>
              nit? </s>
              <s id="s.001089">Deinde, cur ( quod maximum eſt ) ſi
                <lb/>
              ſolus aër accenditur, ſcintillæ illæ magna
                <lb/>
              ex parte, ac veluti graues, lento proceſſu
                <lb/>
              deſcendunt? </s>
              <s id="s.001090">Nam purus ignis, aut non deſ-</s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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