Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001609">
                <pb pagenum="392" xlink:href="016/01/041.jpg"/>
              permutationem. </s>
              <s id="s.001610">Ariſtoteles dicit, quòd hoc
                <lb/>
              modo motus non fit: quia etſi antiperiſtaſis
                <lb/>
              fiat, non tamen per illam mobile impelli
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              poteſt. </s>
              <s id="s.001611">Ratio ſua ſic ſe habet: quæ antipe­
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              riſtaſi mouent, etiam mouentur: igitur, dum
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              non mouentur, non mouent: ſed quando
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              aer in A fuerit in B, tunc à nullo mouetur,
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              poſſedit enim locum, quem occupare debue­
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              rat: igitur non poteſt mouere A, dum eſt in
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              B, è loco ſuo. </s>
              <s id="s.001612">Patet, quia corpus non mouet
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              corpus, niſi cùm ipſum mouens mouetur. </s>
              <s id="s.001613">Et
                <lb/>
              hæc demonſtratio non fuit intellecta ab ex­
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              poſitoribus, & tamen oſtendit clarè opinio­
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              nem Platonis falſam eſſe. </s>
              <s id="s.001614">Tertia fuit quo­
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              rundam antiquorum, quòd aër antecedens
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              ante mobile, puta in C, dum mobile eſt in
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              B, moueatur verſus D, & ſucceſſione ne va­
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              cuum detur, transferatur B in C ad locum
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              aëris moti: & ita idem aër mouetur ex D
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              in E, & mobile ſequatur eodem impetu: ſicut
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              ſi bos habeat locum ſeu vicem ſubeat aeris
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              antecedentis, & currus ponderis ſeu mobi­
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              lis, & vinculum, quo bos trahit currum, eſt
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              raritas, vel vacui neceſſitas: & ſic quantum­
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              cunque mouebitur bos, & quantacunque
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              velocitate, eadem & tantùm mouebitur cur­
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              rus, & ita quantumcunque, & qualicunque
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              velocitate aër ante mobile A mouebitur, ea­
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              dem ſubſequetur A mobile, & ita fiet motus
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              continuus. </s>
              <s id="s.001615">Et hæc fuit opinio quorundam
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              antiquorum, quam quidam falsò Philoſophi
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              eſſe crediderunt, quum tamen ab ipſo relin­
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              quatur, eadem ratione aduerſus eam, quæ
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              contra primam opinionem adducta eſt mili­
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              tante, ſcilicet, quòd ſi C aër transfertur in
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              D, quæritur à quo? </s>
              <s id="s.001616">ſi à mobili, igitur ſe mo­
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              uebunt viciſſim, quod eſt impoſſibile, nam
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              mobile propelleret aerem ex C in D: & iam
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              ſupponitur, quòd aër tranſlatus ex C in D,
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              trahat mobile ex C in D, igitur idem erit
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              cauſa, & effectus comparatum ad idem. </s>
              <s id="s.001617">Si
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              dicas, quòd aër transfert ſeipſum, dicit, cur
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              igitur etiam mobile hoc non poteſt facere?
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              </s>
              <s id="s.001618">& redit prima opinio. </s>
              <s id="s.001619">Si dicas, quòd aër,
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              quia habet principium motus, hoc poteſt
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              facere, ſequitur, quòd iſte motus erit perpe­
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              tuus, quia aër ille ſemper manebit idem, &
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              mouetur à forma ſua, igitur ſemper æquali
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              velocitate. </s>
              <s id="s.001620">Horum autem vtrunque experi­
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              mento repugnat: nam ſic lapis proiectus
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              manu tranſiret per totum orbem, & æquali
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              impetu: patet, quia ſuus aër præcedens æ­
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              quali impetu ſemper moueretur, & non poſ­
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              ſet oſtendere quiſquam rationem cur impe­
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              tus ille remitti debeat. </s>
              <s id="s.001621">Quarta opinio eſt
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              Ariſtotelis, quòd aër, qui eſt in B, motus ab
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              eo, qui lapidem iacit, ante mobile mouetur,
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              & propellit eum, qui eſt in C: & ille, qui
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              eſt in C, eum, qui eſt in D, & ille qui eſt in
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              D, eum qui eſt in E, & ita donec perueniat
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              ad G, qui non poſſit mouere H, eò quòd eſt
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              nimis debilis, & tunc quum H non mouea­
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              tur, non trahet pondus, & ſic quieſcet in G.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.001622">Dicit igitur hoc modo: motus violentus fit
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              debilior, quia F mouetur ab E, igitur minore
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              impetu, quàm E, & E quàm D, & ita ſemper
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              violentus motus debilitatur, vt apparet
                <expan abbr="etiã">etiam</expan>
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              experimento. </s>
              <s id="s.001623">Hîc etiam non eſt motus ſine
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              motus ſine motore, quia quælibet pars mo­
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              uetur à ſua præcedente, vt F, & E ab ipſo
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              D.Tertiò patet ratio dicti, quòd priùs ceſſat
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              quælibet pars aëris moueri, quam mouere:
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              nam cùm D mouetur à C, mouet E, quia
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              mouetur à C: igitur dum quieſcit iam D in
                <lb/>
              E, mouet D ipſum E ex loco ſuo, igitur
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              ceſſat priùs moueri, quàm mouere, quia D
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              ceſſat moueri dum D eſt in B, nam tunc C
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              eſt in D, quod mouebat D: igitur cùm C eſt
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              in D, D quieſcit in E, & tunc C mouetur
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              ad F, & non mouetur, niſi ab aliquo, & il­
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              lud eſt D, igitur D priùs deſinit moueri,
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              quàm mouere: quia dum eſt D in C, non
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              mouetur, ſed quieſcit, & tamen mouet E
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              verſus F. </s>
              <s id="s.001624">Et ſi opponas, quòd corpus non
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              mouet, niſi moueatur, dico quòd eſt verum,
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              ſed tamen finis motus primi, id eſt, mouen­
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              tis, eſt coniunctus fini motus ſecundi, non
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              idem: ſed priùs ceſſat motor à motu, quàm
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              id quod mouetur, & hoc eſt, quia ſaltem
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              natura motor priùs mouetur, quàm moueat:
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              ideò patet quartum, quòd motus rei, quæ
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              proijcitur, componitur ex infinitis motibus
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              ſibi inuicem ſuccedentibus, & eſt continuus
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              per accidens: fit enim tranſlato aëre B in C, &
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              aëre C interim in D, & eo qui erat in D
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              in E, & ita de aliis. </s>
              <s id="s.001625">Et ideò talis motus eſt
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              etiam velox, quia fines adeò vnius, initiis
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              alterius iunguntur, quod videtur vt debeant
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              ſimul transferri, & non eſt ita. </s>
              <s id="s.001626">Sed finga­
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              mus decem boues vnum ante alium, & om­
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              nes ante currum, & quilibet habeat ſtimu­
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              lum in fronte, quo tangat alium bouem in
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              crure poſteriore, tunc moto primo currus
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              ſuccedet, & ille idem mouebit ſecundum, &
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                <expan abbr="ſecũdus">ſecundus</expan>
              tertium, & ſemper vides, quòd qui­
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              libet bos priùs mouetur ab altero, quàm mo­
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              ueat, & tamen vltimus ſimul fermè cum
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              primo mouebitur: & hoc eſt, quia talis ſuc­
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              ceſſio ſolùm componitur ex decem partibus,
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              ſunt enim decem boues tantùm: ſed aëris
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              ſucceſſio ex in finitis partibus componitur,
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              ideò refert tempus ſenſibile ab initio motus
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              lapidis vſque ad finem. </s>
              <s id="s.001627">Sed ad infinitum tol­
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              lendum iuuat condenſatio aëris, vt rectè di­
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              cebat Auerroës: & ipſa eſt cauſa, vt celerius
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              eſſet motus, & vt non ſit neceſſarium pone­
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              re motus infinitos, ſed ſolum innumerabiles.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.001628">Et hæc eſt opinio Ariſtotelis, à nullis vſque
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              ad hanc diem intellecta, de motu rerum, quæ
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              violenter mouentur. </s>
              <s id="s.001629">Sed nos magis indige­
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              mus prima, quæ eſt ſimpliciſſima, & etiam
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              non tantas difficultates patitur: & cum ſup­
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              ponitur, quòd omne quod mouetur, ab ali­
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              quo mouetur veriſſimum eſt: ſed illud quod
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              mouet, eſt impetus acquiſitus, ſicut calor
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              in aqua, qui eſt ibi præter naturam ab igne
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              inductus, & tamen igne ſublato, manum
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              tangentis exurit, & ideò etiam accidens vio­
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              lens adhærens vim ſuam retinet. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001630">
                <margin.target id="marg157"/>
              Aer cur fa­
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              ctus ſit.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001631">
                <margin.target id="marg158"/>
              Aer infrigi­
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              datus
                <expan abbr="repẽtè">repentè</expan>
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              cur tantum
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              noxæ afferat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001632">
                <margin.target id="marg159"/>
              Cur
                <expan abbr="ẽxſuf-flando">exſuf­
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                flando</expan>
              aper­
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              tis labiis ca­
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              lefaciamus,
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              conſtrictis
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              infrigida.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.001633">mus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001634">
                <margin.target id="marg160"/>
              Aer ſemper
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              mouetur.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001635">
                <margin.target id="marg161"/>
              Cur in an­
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              guſtis locis
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              ſemper au­
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              ram ſentia­
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              mus.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001636">
                <margin.target id="marg162"/>
              Cryptæ fri­
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              gidiores
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              quomodo
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              fiant.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001637">
                <margin.target id="marg163"/>
              Ventorum
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              dignatio vn­
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              do ſpiret.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001638">
                <margin.target id="marg164"/>
              Aër quò fe­
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              ratur motu
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              naturali.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001639">
                <margin.target id="marg165"/>
              Motus ſim­
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              plices ſep­
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              tem.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001640">
                <margin.target id="marg166"/>
              De motu
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              violento
                <lb/>
              quomodo
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              fiat.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.001641">
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                <lb/>
              4. Phy. </s>
              <s id="s.001642">68 &
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              8.
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              Phy.82.
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              O A
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              . B
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              . C
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              . D
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              . E
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              . F
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              O G.
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              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.001643">Dicamus igitur primò ea, quæ ſunt ma­
                <lb/>
                <arrow.to.target n="marg168"/>
                <lb/>
              nifeſta, & ſunt, quòd quatuor ſunt cauſæ
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              motus violenti, diuturni & celeris. </s>
              <s id="s.001644">Prima
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              eſt, quòd cauſa mouens celeriter ab initio
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              moueat. </s>
              <s id="s.001645">Secunda, quòd per magnum ſpa­
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              tium? </s>
              <s id="s.001646">ideò machinæ bellicæ, quò longio­
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              res, eò procul magis eiaculantur: & ita ar­
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              cus, quò magis tenditur ob ambas cauſas,
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              eò longiùs emittit ſagittam. </s>
              <s id="s.001647">Nam ſi tenda­
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              tur ad B vſque, mouebitur cum chorda
                <lb/>
              ſolùm ſagitta ex B in D: & ſi tendatur </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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