Cardano, Girolamo, De subtilitate, 1663

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    <archimedes>
      <text>
        <body>
          <chap>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003850">
                <pb pagenum="442" xlink:href="016/01/091.jpg"/>
              monium illorum præbent. </s>
              <s id="s.003851">Generaliter ta­
                <lb/>
              les ſunt, quæ fructum non edunt, aut
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              exiguum: iuniperus humilis, hedera, ca­
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              prificus, pinaſter etiam, & aculeatarum
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              pleræque; Sunt etiam folia arborum, aut
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              decidua, & trunci exiles, marcentque om­
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              nia. </s>
              <s id="s.003852">Quid mirum, cùm velut lactanti puero
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              nutrix prægnans adhibetur, nam metallis &
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              plantis commune eſt alimentum idem, ideò
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg486"/>
                <lb/>
              vix natura loci ambobus poterit ſatisface­
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              re. </s>
              <s id="s.003853">Sed metalla ampliùs hauriunt, cùm ar­
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              bores: nam propago metallorum arboribus
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              longè maior eſt, vt etiam belluæ maris ipſis
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              animalibus terreſtribus.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg487"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003854">
                <margin.target id="marg486"/>
              Comparatio
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              metallorum,
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              & planta­
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              rum.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003855">
                <margin.target id="marg487"/>
              Argentea
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              fodinæ mira
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              magnitudo.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003856">Argenti fodinam, cùm etiam hoc ſit mi­
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              nus fœcundum metallum inuenio apud
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              Agricolam fuiſſe pedum 30, in longitudi­
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              ne, latitudine autem dodrantis, altitudine
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              60. Ex quo manifeſtum eſt ſimilem fuiſſe
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              arbori: nam arboris altitudo maxima, poſt­
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              longitudo, ſeu ramorum diductio, minima
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              craſſitudo, quæ pro latitudine in fodinis ac­
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              cipitur. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003857">Ergo ſi in argento tanta, quid in ære,
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              quid in plumbo, & ferro, quid in ſul­
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              phure? </s>
              <s id="s.003858">demum quanta in ipſis lapidibus?
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              </s>
              <s id="s.003859">Non tamen eadem ratione qua marinæ bel­
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              luæ ſolùm præſtant magnitudine terreſtri­
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              bus, copia ſcilicet humoris, ſed quia pon­
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              dus in metallicis, ac lapidibus cùm non
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              pendeant, periculum nullum affert, in ar­
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              boribus affert. </s>
              <s id="s.003860">Arbores enim quoniam
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              pendent, ventis facilè extirpantur, diligen­
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              tiaque illa naturæ fruſtratur.
                <arrow.to.target n="marg488"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003861">
                <margin.target id="marg488"/>
              Partes neceſ­
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              ſariæ metal­
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              licis.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003862">Quòd ad ſimilitudinem attinet, vt dixi,
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              tam arbores, quàm metalla aſpectu boreæ
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              gaudent: & quatuor habent neceſſarias fer­
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              mè partes, radicem, corticem, ſubſtantiam,
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              & venas. </s>
              <s id="s.003863">Radix lapidi lapis alius eſt, aut
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              terra, vt ſuo loco docebimus: metallo metal­
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              lum, aut metallicum, vel terra. </s>
              <s id="s.003864">Cortex ve­
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              rò apertè diſſidet à reliqua ſubſtantia, loco
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              & duritie: venæ intra ſubſtantiam manife­
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              ſtè apparent. </s>
              <s id="s.003865">Quid igitur aliud eſt fodina
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              quàm planta, terra & lapidibus obruta?
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              </s>
              <s id="s.003866">hæc verò, vt dixi, aut terra metallica de
                <arrow.to.target n="marg489"/>
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              qua dixi, aut nobilior ſuccus, aut metallum,
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              aut lapis. </s>
              <s id="s.003867">Communia ſunt omnibus metal­
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              licis vt durius reddant, ac frigidius. </s>
              <s id="s.003868">Eretria,
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              ac metalla, & lapides, & metallicorum plu­
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              rima, frigida ſunt. </s>
              <s id="s.003869">Quædam tamen etſi
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              ſicca ſint, molliunt abundante pinguedine,
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              vt aſphaltum & gagates lapis. </s>
              <s id="s.003870">Sunt autem
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              ſicca, quia terrea. </s>
              <s id="s.003871">Ignis autem ſeu potiùs
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              calor calefacere poteſt, humectare non
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              poteſt.
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg490"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003872">
                <margin.target id="marg489"/>
              Metallico­
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              rum omnium
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              communia.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003873">
                <margin.target id="marg490"/>
              Metallica
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              omnia cur
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              fermè mali
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              aut nullius
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              ſaporis, odo­
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              ris tamen
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              iucundi eſſe
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              poſſint
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              càuſæ duæ.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003874">Metallica etiam omnia mali ſaporis fer­
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              mè eſſe neceſſe eſt, aut nullius: nullus, vt
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              puri lapides, & pura terra, mali reliqua. </s>
              <s id="s.003875">Cau­
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              ſa eſt, quòd vix ab aduſtione abſoluuntur:
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              & ſicca ſunt, vt diximus: dulcia autem
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              humida. </s>
              <s id="s.003876">Quòd etſi humidum aliquod adſit,
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              & ſapor gratus cum prauo commiſceatur,
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              non obruit illum, ſed corrumpitur. </s>
              <s id="s.003877">Nam
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              ſi parum gentianæ multo lacti immiſcue­
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              ris, ſaporem ingratum habebis. </s>
              <s id="s.003878">Non autem
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              ſic in odoribus: nam vehementior ſolet ob­
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              ſcurare minorem, Aes amarum eſt, ac peſſi­
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              mi ſaporis, ferrum verò ſubamarum, inde
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              plumbum album, quòd ſtannum vocamus.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.003879">Aſtringit cum amaritudine alumen & cal­
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              chantum, ſed magis amarum eſt, tum ve­
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              rò reliqua, vt ſulphur & bitumen Argen­
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              tum tamen iucundum, & ſubdulcem præbet
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              ſaporem, & longè meliorem habet aurum,
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              ſed non præſtat. </s>
              <s id="s.003880">Cognoſcuntur ſapores, ſi
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              vel vaſis talibus humidum aliquod exci­
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              piatur, ac ſeruetur, vel diluatur pars me­
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              tallici intra vinum, ius aut aquam, diuque
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              maneat in eis. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003881">Metallica etiam omnia, ſi frigore con­
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              creto humido conſtent, igne ſoluuntur, vt
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              ſulphur & metalla: quædam cùm calore
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              congruerint, frigore ſoluuntur & aqua, vt
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              alumen, ſal, atramentum, nitrum: quædam
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              ſolùm molliuntur aqua, vt lapides plurimi.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.003882">Refert Agricola marmoris partem vidiſſe
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              mollem factam ab aqua, cùm in ea diu ia­
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              cuiſſet. </s>
              <s id="s.003883">Hæc terrea eſſe neceſſe eſt, quæ
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              nunquam perfectè liqueſcunt. </s>
              <s id="s.003884">Itaque quæ
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              perfectè liqueſcunt, aquea ſunt, etiam ſi ab
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              humido, quæ non poſſunt perfectè liqueſ­
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              cere terrea. </s>
              <s id="s.003885">Succi igitur aquea conſtant ſub­
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              ſtantia, vt alumen, bitumen, ſulphur, ſal,
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              & nitrum, & calchantum, multaque eiuſ­
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              cemodi. </s>
              <s id="s.003886">Salem tum terram cum ſucco potius
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              dixerim: ſed non eſt præſentis inſtituti, ſin­
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              gula tractare, verùm clarioris exempli, &
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              vtilitatis. </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s id="s.003887">
                <margin.target id="marg491"/>
              Metallica
                <lb/>
              omnia trifa­
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              riam ſolui</s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s id="s.003888">Sunt etenim rariores quidam ſucci, vt
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg492"/>
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              qui Annæbergi inuentus eſt, in cuniculo
                <lb/>
              fodinæ Othonis Imperatoris durus & can­
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              didus: atque adeò acris, vt erodendo mures
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              necaret. </s>
              <s id="s.003889">Sed nunc de notioribus ſermo erit,
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg493"/>
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              inter quos alumen Rochæ, pro antiquo­
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              rum liquidò ſubſtitutum, aſtringentis virtu­
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              tis, adeò vt ſi aquæ incoxeris, vſquequò diſ­
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              ſoluatur, charta noſtra aquæ illi immerſa,
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              inde ſiccata, atramentum optimè retinet:
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              nec diffundi, aut ſpargi perperàm patitur,
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              etiamſi peſſima fuerit. </s>
              <s id="s.003890">Modus eſt, vnica alu­
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              minis in ſingulas aquæ libras decoquantur,
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              donec tertia aquæ pars relinquatur: in­
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              de charta ſuper tabulam leuem extendatur,
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              ſpongiaque ea infuſa vtrinque madeſcat.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.003891">Præſtantius ex alumine rubrum eſt. </s>
              <s id="s.003892">Indicum
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              eſt alumen combibiſſe, quòd ſplendeat.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.003893">Eadem ratione pennas anſerum reddit me­
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              liores, & coria: prohibetque vina ne tur­
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              bentur in vaſis. </s>
              <s id="s.003894">Alumen quod Scaiolæ vo­
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              cant, eſt Aſtrum Samium apud veteres, nec
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg494"/>
                <lb/>
              eſt ex ſuccorum genere: vt nec alumen
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              plumæ, quòd ex terrenis partibus conſtat,
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              atque ideò tenuiter ſi teratur, lectoque in­
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              ſpergatur, pruritum commouet aſſiduum:
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              acutas enim ac pungentes partes habet.
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              </s>
              <s id="s.003895">Quòd ſi ex eo ellychnia fiant, haud ardent,
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              ſed perpetuò oleum conſumitur, ipſa autem
                <lb/>
              manent. </s>
              <s id="s.003896">Commune eſt hoc omni fermè ge­
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              neri cruſtati lapidis. </s>
              <s id="s.003897">Nam & in Eiſleba ex
                <lb/>
              pyritide, tum lapide alio ſciſſili pyræ impo­
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              ſitæ, liquor viridis emanat, qui cum igne
                <lb/>
              extincto cogitur, ignem amplius non ſen­
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              tit. </s>
              <s id="s.003898">Sic & ex Amianto lapide Romæ map­
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              pas, & in Verebergo Bohemiæ mantilia eſſe
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              affirmat Agricola, quæ non aqua, ſed igni­
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              bus eluantur. </s>
              <s id="s.003899">Et ex Magneſia lapide ſquam­
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              moſo, argentei, & plumbei coloris in Bol­
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              decrana menſæ fiunt, quæ igne purgantur,
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              nec vitiantur: ex tenuiore autem parte </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
        </body>
      </text>
    </archimedes>
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