Castelli, Benedetto, Of the mensuration of running waters, 1661

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              <s>
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              the Fens are raiſed with great prejudice, and much grea­
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              ter than is conceived, according to what hath been demon­
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              ſtrated in the Second Conſideration upon the
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              Lake of Venice.
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              Nor is it to any purpoſe to ſay, that if we ſhould meaſure
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              all the Waters that disimbogue from
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              Fiume Siſto,
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              and gather
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              them into one ſumme, we ſhould not finde them to be ſuch,
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              as that they ſhall be able to make the Waters of the Fens
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              to increaſe, by reaſon of the great expanſion of them, over
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              which that body of water is to diſtend: for to this inſtance we
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              anſwer wich that which we have given notice of in the Firſt Con­
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              ſideration touching the
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              Lake of Venice,
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              treating of the abate­
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              ment that is cauſed by the
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              Brent
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              let into the Lake. </s>
              <s>And more­
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              over, if I ſhall adde thereto that which I write in the Second
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              Conſideration, it will be very apparent how greatly harmfull
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              and prejudicial theſe excurfions of Waters from
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              Fiume Siſto
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              may be, which are not kept under, and confined within the
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              River: Therefore, proceeding to the proviſions, and ope­
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              rations that are to be accounted Principall, I reduce them to
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              three Heads.</s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s>In the firſt place it is neceſſary to throw down thoſe Weares,
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              and to take the Piſciaries quite away, obſerving a Maxime, in
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              my judgment, infallible, that Fiſhing and Sowing are two things
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              that can never conſiſt together; Fiſhing being on the Water, and
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              Sowing on land.</s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s>Secondly, it will be neceſſary to cut under Water in the bot­
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              tome of the River thoſe Weeds and Plants that grow and in­
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              creaſe in the River, and leave them to be carried into the Sea by
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              the Stream; for by this means theſe Reeds ſhall not ſpring up
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              and diſtend along the bottome of the River, by means of the
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              Beaſts treading upon them; And the ſame ought to be done
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              often, and with care, and muſt not be delaied till the miſ­
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              chief increaſe, and the Champain Grounds be drowned, but
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              one ought to order matters ſo, as that they may not drown.
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              </s>
              <s>And I will affirm, that otherwiſe this principal point would be­
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              come a moſt conſiderable inconvenience.</s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s>Thirdly, it is neceſſary to make good the Banks of
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              Fiume Siſto
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              on the left hand, and to procure that thoſe Waters may run in
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              the Chanel, and not break forth. </s>
              <s>And it is to be noted, that
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              it is not enough to do one or two of thoſe things, but we are to
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              put them all in execution; for omitting any thing, the whole
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              machine will be out of tune, and ſpoiled. </s>
              <s>But proceeding with
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              due care, you ſhall not only Drain the
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              Pontine Fens,
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              but by
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              means of this laſt particular the Current of
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              Fiums Sisto
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              ſhall
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              ſcowr its own Chanel of its ſelf, even to the carrying part of it
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              away: and haply with this abundance of water that it ſhall </s>
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