Castelli, Benedetto, Of the mensuration of running waters, 1661

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              which may be made in little, in great, or in very great; of
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              which I make uſe frequently, to the admiration of ſuch as ſee it.</s>
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              <s>I prepared an hundred Siphons, or, if you will, bowed Pipes,
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              all equal; and placed them at the brim of a Veſſel, wherein the
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              water is kept at one and the ſame level (whether all the Syphons
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              work, or but a certain number of them) the mouths by which
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              the water iſſueth being all placed in the ſame level, parallel to
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              the Horizon; but lower in level than the water in the Veſſel; and
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              gathered all the water falling from the Syphons into another
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              Veſſel ſtanding lower than the former, I made it to run away
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              thorow a Chanel, in ſuch manner inclined, that wanting water
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              from the Syphons, the ſaid Chanel remained quite dry.</s>
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              <s>And this done, I meaſured the quick height of the Chanel
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              with care, and afterwards divided it exactly into 10 equal parts,
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              and cauſing 19. of thoſe Syphons to be taken away, ſo that the
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              Chanel did not run water, ſave onely with 81 of thoſe Syphons,
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              I again obſerved the quick height of the water in the ſame ſite
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              obſerved before, and found that its height was diminiſhed pre­
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              ciſely the tenth part of all its firſt height; and thus continuing to
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              take away 17. other Syphons, the height was likewiſe diminiſh­
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              ed 1/1. of all its firſt quick height; and trying to take away 15.
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              Syphons, then 13, then 11, then 9, then 7, then 5, and then 3.
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              alwaies in theſe diverſions, made in order as hath been ſaid, there
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              enſued ſtill an abatement of 1/1. of the whole height.</s>
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              <s>And here was one thing worthy of obſervation, that the water
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              encreaſing in [
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              or through
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              ] the Chanel, its quick height was diffe­
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              rent in different ſites of the Chanel, that is ſtill leſſer, the more
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              one approached to the Out-let; notwithſtanding which the abate­
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              ment followed in all places proportionably, that is in all its ſites
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              the firſt part of the height of that ſite diminiſhed: And more­
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              over the water iſſued from the Chanel, and dilated into a broader
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              courſe, from which likewiſe having divers Out-lets and Mouths;
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              yet nevertheleſs in that breadth alſo the quick heights ſucceſſive­
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              ly varied and altered in the ſame proportions. </s>
              <s>Nor did I here
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              deſiſt my obſervation, but the water being diminiſhed, that iſſu­
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              ed from the Syphons, and there being but one of them left that
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              diſcharged water; I obſerved the quick height that it made in the
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              above-ſaid ſites, (the which was likewiſe 1/1. of all the firſt height)
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              there being added to the water of that Syphon, the water of
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              three other Syphons; ſo that all the water was of 4 Syphons,
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              and conſequently quadruple to the firſt Syphon; but the quick
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              height was onely double, and adding five Siphons, the quick
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              height became triple, and with adding ſeven Syphons, the height
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              increaſed quadruple; and ſo by adding of 9. it increaſed quin­
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              tuple, and by adding of 11. it increaſed ſextuple, and by ad­</s>
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