Castelli, Benedetto, Of the mensuration of running waters, 1661

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              where alſo I give the reaſon thereof, ^{*}
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              Coroll.
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              14. The ac­
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              cident is this, That there coming a Land-Flood, for example,
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              into
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              Arno,
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              which maketh it to riſe above its ordinary Mouth
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              wthin
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              Piſa,
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              or a little above or below the City ſix or ſeven Bra­
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              ces; this ſame height becometh alwaies leſſer and leſſer, the more
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              we approach towards the Sea-ſide; inſomuch, that near to the
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              Sea the ſaid River ſhall be raiſed hardly half a Brace: Whence
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              it followeth of neceſſary conſequence, that ſhould I again be at
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              the Sea-ſide, and knowing nothing of what hapneth, ſhould ſee
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              the River
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              Arno
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              raiſed by the acceſſion of a Land-flood, one third
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              of a Brace; I could certainly infer, that the ſame River was raiſed
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              in
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              Piſa
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              thoſe ſame ſix or ſeven Braces. </s>
              <s>And that which I ſay of
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                <emph type="italics"/>
              Arno,
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              is true of all Rivers that fall into the Sea. </s>
              <s>Which thing
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              being true, it is neceſſary to make great account of every ſmall
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              riſing, that
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              Fiume morto
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              maketh towards the Sea-ſide by fal­
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              ling into
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              Serchio.
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              For although the riſing of
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              Fiume morto,
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              by
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              being to diſgorge its Waters into
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              Serchio,
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              towards the Sea, were
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              onely a quarter of a Brace; we might very well be ſure, that fart
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              from the Sea, about
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              Piſa,
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              and upon thoſe fields the riſe ſhall be
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              much greater, and ſhall become two or three Braces: And be­
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              cauſe the Countrey lyeth low, that ſame riſe will cauſe a conti­
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              nual Innundation of the Plains, like as it did before; I cauſed the
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              Mouth to be opened into the Sea. </s>
              <s>And therefore I conclude
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              that the Mouth of
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              Fiume morto,
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              ought by no means to be opened
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              into
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              Serchio
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              ; but ought to be continued into the Sea, uſing all
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              diligence to keep it open after the manner aforeſaid, ſo ſoon as
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              ever the Wind ſhall be laid. </s>
              <s>And if they ſhall do otherwiſe, I
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              confidently affirm, that there will daily follow greater damages;
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              not onely in the Plains, but alſo in the wholeſomneſs of the
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              Air; as hath been ſeen in times paſt. </s>
              <s>And again, It ought with
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              all care to be procured, that no waters do by any means run or
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              fall from the Trench of
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              Libra,
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              into the Plain of
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              Piſa,
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              for theſe
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              Waters being to diſcharge into
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              Fiume morto,
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              they maintain it
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              much higher than is imagined, according to that which I have de­
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              monſtrated in my conſideration upon the ſtate of the Lake of
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              Venice.
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              I have ſaid but little, but I ſpeak to you, who under­
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              ſtandeth much, and I ſubmit all to the moſt refined judgment of
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              our moſt Serene Prince
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              Leopold,
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              whoſe hands I beſeech you in all
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              humility to kiſs in my name, and implore the continuance of his
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              Princely favour to me; and ſo deſiring your prayers to God for
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              me, I take my leave.</s>
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              <s>
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              Rome
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              1. Feb.
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              </s>
              <s>1642.</s>
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              <s>
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              Your moſt affectionate Servant,
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              <s>D. BENEDETTO CASTELLI.</s>
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