Castelli, Benedetto, Of the mensuration of running waters, 1661

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            <p type="head">
              <s>
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              COROLLARIE
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              XIV.
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              *
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              Arteſia.
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              <s>In the Grand Rivers, which fall into the Sea, as here in
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              Italy
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              Po, Adige,
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              ^{*} and
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              Arno,
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              which are armed with Banks againſt their
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              excreſcencies, its obſerved that far from the Sea, they need
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              Banks of a notable height; which height goeth afterwards by
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              degrees diminiſhing, the more it approacheth to the Sea-coaſts:
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              in ſuch ſort, that the P
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              o,
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              diſtant from the Sea about fifty or ſixty
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              miles at
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              Ferara,
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              ſhall have Banks that be above twenty feet
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              higher than the ordinary Water marks; but ten or twelve miles
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              from the Sea, the Banks are not twelve feet higher than the ſaid
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              ordinary Water-marks, though the breadth of the River be the
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              ſame, ſo that the excreſcence of the ſame Innundation happens
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              to be far greater in meaſure remote from the Sea, then near; and
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              yet it ſhould ſeem, that the ſame quantity of Water paſſing by
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              every piace, the River ſhould need to have the ſame altitude of
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              Banks in all places: But we by our Principles and fundamentals
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              may be able to render the reaſon of that effect, and ſay; That
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              that exceſſe of quantity of Water, above the ordinary Water,
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              goeth alwaies acquiring greater velocity; the nearer it approach­
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              eth the Sea, and therefore decreaſeth in meaſure, and conſequenly
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              in height. </s>
              <s>And this perhaps might have been the cauſe in great
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              part, why the
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              Tyber
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              in the Innundation
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              Anno
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              1578. iſſued not
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              forth of its Channel below
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              Rome
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              towards the Sea.</s>
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            <p type="head">
              <s>
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              COROLLARIE
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              XV.</s>
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              <s>From the ſame Doctrine may be rendred a moſt manifeſt rea­
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              ſon why the falling Waters go leſſening in their deſcent, ſo
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              that the ſame falling Water, meaſured at the beginning of
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              its fall, is greater, and bigger, and afterwards by degrees leſſeneth
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              in meaſure the more it is remote from the beginning of the fall.
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              </s>
              <s>Which dependeth on no other, than on the acquiſition, which
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              it ſucceſſively makes of greater velocity; it being a moſt fami­
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              liar concluſion among Philoſophers, that grave bodies falling,
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              the more they remove from the beginning of their motion, the
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              more they acquire of ſwiftneſſe; and therefore the Water, as a
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              grave body, falling, gradually velocitates, and therefore de­
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              creaſeth in meaſure, and leſſeneth.</s>
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            <p type="head">
              <s>
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              COROLLARIE
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              XVI.</s>
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            <p type="main">
              <s>And on the contrary, the ſpirtings of a Fountain of Water,
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              which ſpring on high, work a contrary effect; namely </s>
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