Castelli, Benedetto, Of the mensuration of running waters, 1661

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COROLLARIE VII.
Likewiſe, from the things demonſtrated may be concluded,
that the windes, which ſtop a River, and blowing againſt the
Current, retard its courſe and ordinary velocity ſhall neceſſarily
amplifie the meaſure of the ſame River, and conſequently ſhall
be, in great part, cauſes; or we may ſay, potent con-cauſes of
making the extraordinary inundations which Rivers uſe to make.
And its moſt certain, that as often as a ſtrong and continual wind
ſhall blow againſt the Current of a River, and ſhall reduce the
water of the River to ſuch tardity of motion, that in the time
wherein before it run five miles, it now moveth but one, ſuch a
River will increaſe to five times the meaſure, though there ſhould
not be added any other quantity of water; which thing indeed
hath in it ſomething of ſtrange, but it is moſt certain, for that
look what proportion the waters velocity before the winde, hath
to the velocity after the winde, and ſuch reciprocally is the mea­
ſure of the ſame water after the winde, to the meaſure before
the winde; and becauſe it hath been ſuppoſed in our caſe that the
velocity is diminiſhed to a fifth part, therefore the meaſure ſhall
be increaſed five times more than that, which it was before.
COROLLARIE VIII.
We have alſo probable the cauſe of the inundations of Tyber,
which befel at Rome, in the time of Alexander the Sixth, & of
Clement the Seventh; which innundations came in a ſerene time,
and without great thaws of the Snows; which therefore much
puzzled the wits of thoſe times.
But we may with much pro­
bability affirm, That the River roſe to ſuch a height and excreſ­
cence, by the retardation of the Waters dependant on the
boiſtrous and conſtant Winds, that blew in thoſe times, as is no­
red in the memorials.
COROLLARIE. IX.
It being moſt manifeſt, that by the great abundance of Water
the Torrents may increaſe, and of themſelves alone exorbitantly
ſwell the River; and having demonſtrated that alſo without new
Water, but onely by the notable retardment the River riſeth and
increaſeth in meaſure, in proportion as the velocity decreaſeth:
hence it is apparent, that each of theſe cauſes being able of it ſelf,
and ſeparate from the other to ſwell the River; when it ſhall
happen that both theſe two cauſes conſpire the augmentation of

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