Castelli, Benedetto, Of the mensuration of running waters, 1661

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1thing not eaſie to be procured, by reaſon that the Grounds lie
under Water; but from the Mouth de Maſi unto Codigoro, it
would alſo be neceſſary to make new Scowrings of the Chanel;
to the end, that the Water approaching (by wearing and carry­
ing away the Earth on both ſhores, might make a Bed ſufficient
for its Body, the depth made for Panaro not ſerving the turn, as
I conceive; and if it ſhould ſuffice, when could the people of
Ferrara hope to be re-imburſed and ſatisfied for the charge
thereof?
Fourthly, it ſerves as an Argument with me, to ſee that the
very individual perſons concerned in the Remotion or Diverſion
of the ſaid Torrent, namely, the Bologneſi do not incline unto it,
and that the whole City of Ferrara, even thoſe very perſons who
at preſent receive damage by it, cannot indure to hear thereof.
The reaſon that induceth theſe laſt named to be ſo averſe thereto,
is, either becauſe that this undertaking will render the introducti­
on of the Water of Main-Po more difficult; or becauſe they fear
the danger thereof; The others decline the Project, either for
that they know that Reno cannot long continue in that Courſe,
or becauſe they fear that it is too much expoſed to thoſe mens re­
vengeful Cutting of it who do not deſire it ſhould; and if a
man have any other wayes, he ought, in my opinion, to forbear
that, which to ſuch as ſtand in need of its Removal, is leſſe ſatiſ­
factory, and to ſuch as oppoſe it, more prejudicial.
To conclude, I exceedingly honour the judgment of Cardinal
Capponi, who having to his Natural Ability and Prudence added
a particular Study, Obſervation, and Experience of theſe Wa­
ters for the ſpace of three years together, doth not think that
Reno can go by Volana; to which agreeth the opinion of Car­
dinal S. Marcello, Legate of this City, of whom, for his exqui­
ſite underſtanding, we ought to make great account.
But if e­
ver this ſhould be reſolved on, it would be materially neceſſary
to unite the Quick and Running Waters of the little Chanel of
Cento, of the Chanel Navilio, of Guazzaloca, and at its very
beginning thoſe of Dardagna, which at preſent, is one of the
Springs or Heads of Panaro, that ſo they might aſſiſt it in carry­
ing its Sand, and the matter of its Muddineſs into the Sea; and
then there would not fail to be a greater evacuation and ſcowr­
ing; but withall the Proprietors in the Iſlet of San Giorgio and
of Ferrara muſt prepare themſelves to indure the inconveniences
of Purlings or Sewings of the Water from the River thorow
the Boggy Ground thereabouts.
I ſhould more eaſily incline therefore to carry it into Main-Po
at Stellata, for the Reaſons that Cardinal Capponi moſt ingeni­
ouſly enumerates in a ſhort, but well-grounded Tract of his: not

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