Castelli, Benedetto, Of the mensuration of running waters, 1661

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              aforementioned Caſes, and in the preſent one that we are in hand
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              with, there have, in times paſt, very groſſe Errours been com­
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              mitted, through the not having ever well underſtood the true
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              meaſure of Running waters; and here it is to be noted, that the
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              buſineſſe is, that in
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              Venice,
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              the diverſion of the waters of the
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              Lake, by diverting the
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              Brent
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              was debated, and in part executed,
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              without conſideration had how great abatement of water might
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              follow in the Lake, if the
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              Brent
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              were diverted, as I have ſhewn
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              in the firſt Conſideration upon this particular, from which act
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              there hath inſued very bad conſequences, not only the difficulty
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              of Navigation, but it hath infected the wholſomneſſe of the Air,
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              and cauſed the ſtoppage of the Ports of
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              Venice.
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              And on the
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              contrary, the ſame inadvertency of not conſidering what riſing of
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              the Water the
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              Reno,
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              and other Rivers being opened into the Val­
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              leys of
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              Bologna
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              and
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              Ferrara,
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              might cauſe in the ſaid Valleys, is
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              the certain cauſe that ſo many rich and fertile Fields are drown­
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              ed under water, converting the happy habitations and dwellings
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              of men into miſerable receptacles for Fiſhes: Things which
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              doubtleſſe would never have happened, if thoſe Rivers had been
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              kept at their height, and
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              Reno
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              had been turn'd into
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              Main-Po,
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              and the other Rivers into that of
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              Argenta,
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              and of
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              Volano.
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              Now
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              there having ſufficient been ſpoken by the above-named
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              Monſig.
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              <s>Corſini
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              in his Relation, I will only adde one conceit of my own,
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              which after the Rivers ſhould be regulated, as hath been ſaid, I
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              verily believe would be of extraordinary profit, I much doubt in­
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              deed that I ſhall finde it a hard matter to perſwade men to be of
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              my mind, but yet nevertheleſs I will not queſtion, but that thoſe,
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              at leaſt, who ſhall have underſtood what I have ſaid and demon­
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              ſtrated concerning the manners and proportions, according to
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              which the abatements and riſings of Running waters proceed,
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              that are made by the Diverſions and Introductions of Waters,
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              will apprehend that my conjecture is grounded upon Reaſon.
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              <s>And although I deſcend not to the exactneſſe of particulars, I
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              will open the way to others, who having obſerved the requiſite
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              Rules of conſidering the quantity of the waters that are intro­
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              duced, or that happen to be diverted, ſhall be able with punctu­
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              ality to examine the whole buſineſſe, and then reſolve on that
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              which ſhall be expedient to be done.</s>
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              <s>Reflecting therefore upon the firſt Propoſition, that the
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              Riſings of a Running Water made by the acceſſion of new water
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              into the River, are to one another, as the Square-Roots of the
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              quantity of the water that runneth; and conſequently, that the
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              ſame cometh to paſs in the Diverſions: Inſomuch, that a River
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              running in height one ſuch a certain meaſure, to make it encreaſe
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              double in height, the water is to be encreaſed to three times as </s>
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