Foscarini, Paolo Antonio, An epistle to fantoni, 1661

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              <s>
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              vertized, that that Scripture doth not ſpeak of a Local Motion,
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              but of Mutations of another nature; as in the very ſubſtance,
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              quantity or quality of the Earth it ſelf. </s>
              <s>But if it be ſaid, that
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              it is to be underſtood of a Local Motion, then it may be ex­
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              plained by the inſuing Maxime, that is to ſay, a reſpect being had
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              to the natural Place aſſigned it in the Univerſe, as ſhall be ſhewed
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              by and by.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg908"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              The Earth Se-
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              cundum Totum
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              is
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              Immutable,
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              though not Immo­
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              vable.
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              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The fourth Axiome is this; That every Corporeal thing, mo­
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              veable or immoveable from its very firſt Creation, is alotted its
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              proper and natural place; and being drawn or removed from
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              thence, its motion is violent, and it hath a natural tendency to
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              move back thither again: alſo that nothing can be moved from
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              its natural place,
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              ſecundum Totum
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              ; For moſt great and dreadſul
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              miſchiefs would follow from that perturbation of things in the
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              Univerſe. </s>
              <s>Therefore neither the whole Earth, nor the whole
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg909"/>
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              Water, nor the whole Air can
                <emph type="italics"/>
              ſecundum totum
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              be driuen or for­
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              ced out of their proper place, ſite, or Syſteme in the Univerſe,
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              in reſpect of the order and diſpoſition of other mundane Bodies.
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              </s>
              <s>And thus there is no Star (though Erratick) Orb or Sphere that
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              can deſert its natural place, although it may otherwiſe have ſome
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              kind of motion. </s>
              <s>Therefore all things, how moveable ſoever,
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              are notwithſtanding ſaid to be ſtable and immoveable in their
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              proper place, according to the foreſaid ſenſe,
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              i.e. </s>
              <s>ſecundum to­
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              tum
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              ; For nothing hinders, but that
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              ſecundum partes
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              they may
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              ſome waymove; which motion ſhall not be natural, but violent.
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              </s>
              <s>Therefore the Earth, although it ſhould be moveable, yet it
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              might be ſaid to be immoveable, according to the precedent
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              Maxime, for that its neither moved in a right Motion nor out of
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              the Courſe aſſigned it in its Creation for the ſtanding Rule of its
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              motion; but keep within its own ſite, being placed in that
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              which is called the Grand Orb, above
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              Venus,
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              and beneath
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              Mars,
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg910"/>
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              and being in the middle betwixt theſe (which according to the
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              common opinion is the Suns place) it equally and continually
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              moveth about the Sun, and the two other intermediate Planets,
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              namely
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              Venus
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              and
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              Mercury,
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              and hath the Moon (which is another
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              Earth, but Ætherial, as
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              Macrobius
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              after ſome of the ancient Phi­
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                <arrow.to.target n="marg911"/>
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              loſophers, will have it) about it ſelf. </s>
              <s>From whence, inaſmuch as
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              ſhe perſiſteth uniformly in her Courſe, and never at any time
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              departeth from it, ſhe may be ſaid to be ſtable and immoveable:
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              and in the ſame ſenſe Heaven likewiſe, with all the Elements,
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              may be ſaid to be immoveable.</s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg909"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              The Earth can­
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              not
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              Secundum To­
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              tum,
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              remove out of
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              its Natural Place.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg910"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              The Natural
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              Place of the Earth.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="margin">
              <s>
                <margin.target id="marg911"/>
                <emph type="italics"/>
              The Moon is an
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              Ætherial Body.
                <emph.end type="italics"/>
              </s>
            </p>
            <p type="main">
              <s>The fifth Maxime followeth, being little different from the
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              former. </s>
              <s>Amongſt the things created by God, ſome are of ſuch a
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              nature, that their parts may be
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              ab invicem,
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              or by turns, ſe­
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              parated from themſelves, and diſ-joyned from their Whole; </s>
            </p>
          </chap>
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