Gallaccini, Teofilo, Trattato sopra gli errori degli architetti

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          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2335" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="65" file="0081" n="81" rhead="PARTE TERZA."/>
            no, l’acqua vi ſi congela, ed offende. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2336" xml:space="preserve">E ſe vi ſi raccoglie molta quantità di ne-
              <lb/>
            ve, non così toſto ſe ne parte, ma vi ſi mantiene qualche tempo, e maſſima-
              <lb/>
            mente in luoghi freddi, e non molto eſpoſti al Sole; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2337" xml:space="preserve">di maniera che, conge-
              <lb/>
            landoviſi ſopra, aggrava troppo i cuoprimenti, e le armadure de’legnami, o
              <lb/>
            durano ſoverchia fatica nel reſiſtere al peſo, o ſon forzati, piegandoſi, o rom-
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            pendoſi, a cedere. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2338" xml:space="preserve">E in quanto alla forma de’cuoprimenti coperti, come nel-
              <lb/>
            le impalcature, ſi erra non ponendole bene in piano, ed in ſquadra, e men-
              <lb/>
            tre i legnami non ſon bene ſpianati, nè ſquadrati, e mal commeſſi, e non
              <lb/>
            ben fermati nei luoghi loro. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2339" xml:space="preserve">Ma nella forma delle volte talora ſi fa errore,
              <lb/>
            e ſpezialmente, quando non ſi adattano ai luoghi ad eſſi convenienti, come,
              <lb/>
            dove ſta bene la volta a botte, e a tutto ſeſto, si fa la volta piana, ſenza a-
              <lb/>
            vere alcuna conſiderazione ai fianchi, ſe ſieno baſtevoli a reſiſtere alla forza
              <lb/>
            dello ſpingimento, che ella ſuol fare: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2340" xml:space="preserve">e così, dove ſta bene la volta a vela,
              <lb/>
            ſi faccia la volta a capiſteo, o a mezza botte con lunette: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2341" xml:space="preserve">e dove alcuna di
              <lb/>
            queſte ſi adatta bene al ſuo luogo, ſi faccia la volta a crociera, o la volta a
              <lb/>
            peducci, o a conca. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2342" xml:space="preserve">E in luogo di queſte, dove non ſi richiede, si facciano
              <lb/>
            le volte, o a tutta vela quadrata, o a mezza vela, ovvero a padiglione qua-
              <lb/>
            drato, ovvero tonda: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2343" xml:space="preserve">e così ſenza giudizio, adattando varie forme di volte in-
              <lb/>
            differentemente, dove non convengono. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2344" xml:space="preserve">E tutti queſti ſono gli errori, che ap-
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            partengono ai cuoprimenti.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2345" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div44" type="section" level="1" n="44">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head52" xml:space="preserve">CAPO III.
            <lb/>
          Degli errori, che avvengono per la poca, e non diligente cura intorno
            <lb/>
          alle fabbriche fatte.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2346" xml:space="preserve">PErchè altri poſſa ricever piena cognizione degli errori, che ſogliono accade-
              <lb/>
            re nella poca cura delle fabriche fatte, ſi dee notare prima il fine, nel qua-
              <lb/>
            le ſi uſa fare oſſervazione intorno ad eſſe, e di poi conſiderare le maniere del-
              <lb/>
            le oſſervazioni, e quindi trattare degli errori, che naſcono mentre ſi oſſervano.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2347" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2348" xml:space="preserve">Il fine, al quale ſi riguarda nella oſſervazione degli edificj fabbricati, è di due
              <lb/>
            ragioni: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2349" xml:space="preserve">l’una ſi è l’imparare dal buono eſempio col mezzo della imitazione,
              <lb/>
            il che allora ſi conſeguiſce, quando ſi oſſervano le fabbriche fatte con buona re-
              <lb/>
            gola d’Architettura, dove non ſia difetto alcuno, nè di miſure, nè di propor-
              <lb/>
            zioni, nè di conformità, nè di corriſpondenza delle parti, e dove non ſi deſi-
              <lb/>
            deri alcuna coſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2350" xml:space="preserve">Dalla conſiderazione delle quali s’impara il modo di ben fab-
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            bricare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2351" xml:space="preserve">Come accade nello ſtudio delle fabbriche antiche di Roma, e d’altri luoghi d’
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            Italia: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2352" xml:space="preserve">poichè queſte ſono il vero, e il principal Libro della buona pratica dell’ Archi-
              <lb/>
            tettura. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2353" xml:space="preserve">Così anche ſi può fare, oſſervando le fabbriche moderne ben fatte;
              <lb/>
            </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2354" xml:space="preserve">e finalmente oſſervando imparare dall’ eſempio delle opere mal fatte, avverten-
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            do gli errori, e i difetti, per eſſerne bene informati, affinchè altri gli poſſa age-
              <lb/>
            volmente ſchivare. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2355" xml:space="preserve">E l’altra ſi è il conſervamento delle opere fatte; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2356" xml:space="preserve">impercioc-
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            chè oſſervandoſi con diligenza, ſi conoſce ovunque accada qualche accidente,
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            al quale non rimediandoſi, poſſa eſſer cagione, che le opere ſi diſpongano a ma-
              <lb/>
            nifeſta rovina. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2357" xml:space="preserve">E però gli errori, che accadono nell’ oſſervazione di eſſe, ſono
              <lb/>
            di molta importanza: </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2358" xml:space="preserve">concioſſiachè dalla mala oſſervazione naſca la poca cura,
              <lb/>
            e il non conoſcere il biſogno preſentaneo di riparo, per ovviare a maggiore ac-
              <lb/>
            cidente di rovina, e riſparmiare la molta ſpeſa. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2359" xml:space="preserve">E queſti accidenti ſi conoſco-
              <lb/>
            no per la diligente oſſervazione, che ſi adopera intorno alle fabbriche finite,
              <lb/>
            e uſate. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2360" xml:space="preserve">La quale mancando, non ſi conoſce il biſogno delle muraglie; </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2361" xml:space="preserve">e que-
              <lb/>
            ſto non conoſciuto, le medeſime rimangono in preda d’ ogni peſſimo accidente
              <lb/>
            di rovina. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2362" xml:space="preserve">E queſta oſſervazione ſi dee fare, o circa le parti eſteriori, o intor-
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            no alle interiori. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2363" xml:space="preserve">Intorno alle parti eſteriori, cioè, nelle parti vicine ai fon-
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            damenti, in quelle della cima, e in quelle di mezzo. </s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s2364" xml:space="preserve">Onde gli errori, o ſi
              <lb/>
            fanno non avvertendo bene le parti vicine alla terra, quando ſi marciſcono
              <lb/>
            dall’acqua, che cade dalle gronde dei tetti, o dai condotti, o dai canali, la
              <lb/>
            quale cadendovi muore, non avendo eſito alcuno, e non potendo </s>
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