Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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            <s xml:id="echoid-s888" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="14" file="0020" n="20" rhead="ALHAZEN"/>
            quę pendent à luce & colore, niſi per receptionẽ formarum colorum, & redditionẽ eorum ad partes
              <lb/>
            oppoſitas:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s889" xml:space="preserve"> & declaratũ eſt, [19 n] quòd quando uiſus fuerit oppoſitus rei uiſę, formę lucis & coloris,
              <lb/>
            quæ ſuntin re uiſa, reddentur uiſui, & peruenientin ſuperficiem ſentientis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s890" xml:space="preserve"> uiſus ergo non ſentit l
              <gap/>
              <lb/>
            cem & colorem rei uiſę, niſi ex forma extenſa per corpus diaphanum inter rem uiſam & uiſum, & ex
              <lb/>
            re, quam facit contingere res uiſa in uiſu, dum opponitur illi, mediante corpore diaphano.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s891" xml:space="preserve"/>
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        <div xml:id="echoid-div33" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head52" xml:space="preserve" style="it">23. Viſio non fit radijs à uiſu emißis. s p 3.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s892" xml:space="preserve">ET licet nobis dicere, quòd corpus diaphanũ recipit à uiſu aliquid, & red dit ipſum rei uiſæ, &
              <lb/>
            per continuationẽ iſtius rei uiſæ inter uiſum & rem uiſam, euenit ſenſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s893" xml:space="preserve"> Et hæc eſt opinio po
              <lb/>
            nentiũ radios exire à uiſu.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s894" xml:space="preserve"> Ponatur ergo quòd ita ſit, quòd radij exeant à uiſu, & pertranſeant
              <lb/>
            per corpus diaphanum peruenientes ad rem uiſam, & per iſtos radios fiat ſenſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s895" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum ita fiat ſen
              <lb/>
            ſus, quæro an per iſtos radios reddatur uiſui aliquid, aut nõ reddatur?</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s896" xml:space="preserve"> Si uero ſenſus fiat per radios,
              <lb/>
            & non reddant uiſui aliquid, uiſus non ſentiet:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s897" xml:space="preserve"> ſed uiſus ſentit rem uiſam, & non ſentit, niſi median-
              <lb/>
            tibus radijs:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s898" xml:space="preserve"> iſti ergo radij, qui ſentiũt rem uiſam, reddunt uiſui aliquid, per quod uiſus ſentit rem ui
              <lb/>
            ſam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s899" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum radij reddant uiſui aliquid, per quod ſentit rem uiſam, uiſus non ſentiet lucem & colo-
              <lb/>
            rem, quæ ſunt in re uiſa, niſi ex aliquo ueniente à luce & colore, quæ ſunt in re uiſa ad uiſum, & radij
              <lb/>
            reddunt illa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s900" xml:space="preserve"> Secundum ergo omnes diſpoſitiones non erit uiſus, niſi per aduentum alicuius rei ui-
              <lb/>
            ſæ à re uiſa, ſiue exierint radij, ſiue non.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s901" xml:space="preserve"> Et iam declaratum eſt, [22 n] quòd uiſio non completur, niſi
              <lb/>
            per diaphanitatem corporis medij inter uiſum & rem uiſam, & nõ completur, quando fuerit mediũ
              <lb/>
            inter ea corpus non diaphanũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s902" xml:space="preserve"> Et eſt manifeſtum, quòd corpus diaphanum à nõ diaphano in nullo
              <lb/>
            diſtinguitur, niſi ſecundum modum prædictum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s903" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum ita ſit, ut diximus, & ſit declaratum, quòd
              <lb/>
            formæ lucis & coloris, quæ ſunt in re uiſa, perueniãt ad uiſum, quando fuerint oppoſitæ uiſui.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s904" xml:space="preserve"> Illud
              <lb/>
            ergo, quod uenit ex re uiſa ad uiſum, per quod uiſus comprehendit lucem & colores, quæ ſunt in re
              <lb/>
            uiſa ſecundum omnem diſpoſitionẽ, non eſt niſi iſta forma, ſiue exeant radij, ſiue non.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s905" xml:space="preserve"> Et iam decla-
              <lb/>
            ratũ eſt [14.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s906" xml:space="preserve">18 n] quòd formæ lucis & coloris ſemper generentur in aere, & in omnibus corporibus
              <lb/>
            diaphanis, & ſemper extendantur in aere, & in corporibus diaphanis ad partes oppoſitas, ſiue ocu-
              <lb/>
            lus fuerit præſens, ſiue non.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s907" xml:space="preserve"> Exitus ergo radiorũ eſt ſuperfluus & otioſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s908" xml:space="preserve"> Viſus ergo non ſentit lucẽ
              <lb/>
            & colorẽ rei uiſæ, niſi ex forma ueniente à luce & colore, quæ ſunt in re uiſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s909" xml:space="preserve"> Et declaratũ eſt [19 n]
              <lb/>
            quòd forma cuiuslibet puncti rei uiſæ, oppoſiti uiſui, peruenit ad uiſum ſecun dũ uerticationes mul
              <lb/>
            tas diuerſas, & quòd uiſus non poteſt apprehendere formã rei uiſæ ſecundũ ſuam ordinationẽ in ſu
              <lb/>
            perficie rei uiſæ, niſi quando receptio formarũ fuerit ex uerticationibus linearũ rectarum, quæ ſunt
              <lb/>
            perpendiculares ſuper ſuperficiem uiſus, & ſuper ſuperficiem mẽbri ſentientis, & quòd lineæ rectæ
              <lb/>
            perpendiculares nõ erunt ſuper iſtas ſuperficies, niſi quando centrũ iſtarum ſuperficierũ fuerit unũ
              <lb/>
            punctũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s910" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum hoc totum ſit, ſicut dictũ eſt:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s911" xml:space="preserve"> oportet, ut centrũ ſuperficiei glacialis & centrũ ſuperfi
              <lb/>
            ciei uiſus ſint unum punctũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s912" xml:space="preserve"> Viſus ergo nihil poteſt cõprehendere ex formis rerũ uiſarũ, niſi ex uer
              <lb/>
            ticationibus linearũ rectarum, quarũ extremitates concurrunt apud hoc centrũ tantùm.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s913" xml:space="preserve"> Et hoc eſt,
              <lb/>
            quod promiſimus antè declarare in hoc capitulo in præcedente ſermone [12 n] de forma uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s914" xml:space="preserve"> ſcili
              <lb/>
            cet quòd centrũ glacialis & centrũ ſuperficiei uiſus ſunt idem punctũ commune.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s915" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum hoc decla
              <lb/>
            ratũ ſit, remanet ergo modò conſiderare opinionem ponentiũ radios exire à uiſu, & declarare quid
              <lb/>
            in ea falſum, & quid uerũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s916" xml:space="preserve"> Dicamus ergo, ſi uiſio ſit ex re exeunte ex uiſu ad rem uiſam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s917" xml:space="preserve"> iſta res aut
              <lb/>
            eſt corpus, aut nõ corpus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s918" xml:space="preserve"> Si eſt corpus quando aſpexerimus cœlũ, & uiderimus ſtellas, quę ſunt in
              <lb/>
            eo, oportet, quòd in illa hora exeat à uiſu noſtro corpus, & impleat illud, quod eſt inter cœlũ & terrã,
              <lb/>
            & quòd nihil diminuatur à uiſu:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s919" xml:space="preserve"> & hoc eſt falſum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s920" xml:space="preserve"> Viſio ergo nõ eſt per corpus exiens à uiſu ad rem
              <lb/>
            uiſam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s921" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſi illud, quod exit à uiſu, nõ eſt corpus, illud nõ ſentiet rem uiſam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s922" xml:space="preserve"> ſenſus enim nõ eſt, niſi in
              <lb/>
            corporibus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s923" xml:space="preserve"> Nihil ergo exit à uiſu ad rem uiſam, ſentiens rem illã.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s924" xml:space="preserve"> Et manifeſtũ eſt, quòd uiſio eſt per
              <lb/>
            uiſum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s925" xml:space="preserve"> & cũ hoc ſit, & uiſus nõ cõprehendat rem uiſam, niſi quando exit ab eo ad rem uiſam, & illud
              <lb/>
            quod exit, nõ ſentit rem illam uiſam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s926" xml:space="preserve"> Illud ergo quod exit à uiſu ad rem uiſam, nõ redditad uiſum ali
              <lb/>
            quid, quo uiſus cõprehendat rem uiſam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s927" xml:space="preserve"> Et hoc quod exit à uiſu, nõ eſt ſenſibile, ſed opinabile, & ni
              <lb/>
            hil debet putari niſi per rationẽ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s928" xml:space="preserve"> Ponentes aũt radios exire à uiſu, opinãtur hoc, quod illi inuenerũt:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s929" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            quòd uiſus cõprehendit rem uiſam, & inter illa eſt ſpatiũ, & magnũ eſt hominibus, quòd ſenſus non
              <lb/>
            eſt, niſi per contactũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s930" xml:space="preserve"> Quare illi opinati ſunt, quòd uiſio nõ ſit, niſi per aliquid exiens à uiſu ad rem ui
              <lb/>
            ſam, ita ut illud exiens ſentiat rem in ſuo loco, aut accipiat aliquid à re uiſa, & reddat ipſum uiſui, &
              <lb/>
            tunc ſentiat illud uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s931" xml:space="preserve"> Et quia non poteſt exire à uiſu corpus ſentiẽs rem uiſam, & nihil ſentit rem
              <lb/>
            uiſam niſi corpus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s932" xml:space="preserve"> nõ remanſit opinari, niſi ut illud, quod à uiſu exit ad rem uiſam, recipiat à uiſo ali-
              <lb/>
            quid, & reddat ipſum uiſui.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s933" xml:space="preserve"> Et quia declaratũ eſt [14.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s934" xml:space="preserve">18.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s935" xml:space="preserve">19 n] quòd aer, & corpora diaphana recipiũt
              <lb/>
            formã rei uiſæ, & reddunt ipſam uiſui, & omni corpori oppoſito rei uiſæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s936" xml:space="preserve"> tunc illud, quod opinãtur,
              <lb/>
            quod reddit uiſui aliquid ex re uiſa, nõ eſt, niſi aer & corpora diaphana inter uiſum & rem uiſam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s937" xml:space="preserve"> Et
              <lb/>
            cum aer & corpora diaphana reddũt uiſui aliquid ex re uiſa, in quolibet tẽpore reddunt, & ſecundũ
              <lb/>
            omnes diſpoſitiones, quando uiſus fuerit oppoſitus rei uiſæ, ſine indigẽtia alicuius rei exeuntis à ui
              <lb/>
            ſu.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s938" xml:space="preserve"> Ratio ergo quæ induxit ponentes radios ad dicendũ radios eſſe, eſt ſuperflua:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s939" xml:space="preserve"> quoniã illud, quod
              <lb/>
            induxit eos ad dicendũ, quòd radij eſſent, eſt illorũ opinio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s940" xml:space="preserve"> quia uiſio non poteſt copleri, niſi per ali-
              <lb/>
            quid extenſum inter uiſum & rem uiſam, quod reddat uiſui aliquid ex re uiſa.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s941" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum aer & corpora
              <lb/>
            diaphana faciant hoc ſine indigentia alicuius rei exeuntis à uiſu, & ſint inſuper extenſa inter uiſum
              <lb/>
            & rem uiſam ſine indigentia:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s942" xml:space="preserve"> tunc ad ponendũ aliam rem reddentẽ aliquid uiſui de re uiſa, nulla eſt
              <lb/>
            </s>
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