Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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[11] b e g a h d k f z
[12] d a a b c
[13] a e g b f z q x c u d
[14] e r g b z f k m a n l c u d
[15] n m a b k c e d f g p h q ſ r o
[16] a r t
[17] d z c s f r t q k l h b n m a
[18] d z c s f r t q k l h b n m a
[19] n m l b h i k e p t r o s u q a f d g c
[Figure 20]
[21] p k c z q x y b
[Figure 22]
[Figure 23]
[24] e d f a c b
[25] a s b c
[26] a k f s d m b g c h
[27] a e g c b d h f
[28] a b f g c d n
[29] b a f l g e k h n d c
[30] a b e c f h g r i d m
[31] a b h c
[32] a d b k ſ c
[33] b ſ a u f d c h n g r k s x q p
[34] f d d e r b g c h i p ſ q s n k
[35] f a r d e b g c h p ſ s n k
[36] ſ g d f h b a
[37] a d f t e b
[38] d b c e f g b d
[39] a f b c d e
[40] a f b c d e g
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          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s788" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="12" file="0018" n="18" rhead="ALHAZEN"/>
            culari, poſt ſectionẽ ſuper lineá remotiorẽ etiá à perpédiculari, ſed minoris remotióis quàm linea,
              <lb/>
            ſuper quã erat:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s789" xml:space="preserve"> & extẽditur forma, quҫ erat ſuper lineã propinquioré perpẽdiculari, etiá poſt ſectio
              <lb/>
            né ſuper lineá propinquiorem etiam perpendiculari, ſed maioris propinquitatis, quàm linea, ſuper
              <lb/>
            quá erat.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s790" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſimiliter omnes formæ, quæ extenduntur ab uno puncto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s791" xml:space="preserve"> Et cúſuerit experimẽtatum
              <lb/>
            experimétatione ſubtili, inuenietur, ſecúdú quod diximus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s792" xml:space="preserve"> Et nos oſten demus uiam, per quá expe
              <lb/>
            rimentabitur hoc experimentatione uera apud noſtrum fermonẽ de refractione, & tũc diſcoope-
              <lb/>
            rientur omnia depẽdentia à refractione:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s793" xml:space="preserve"> & nos nó utemurillic in demóſtratione rebus, quibus uſi
              <lb/>
            fuimus in iſto tractatu.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s794" xml:space="preserve"> Duo ergo puncta declinantia ad uná partetn à re uiſa, quando formæ eorũ
              <lb/>
            extenduntur ad unũ punctũ ſuperficiei uiſus, ſecabũt ſe ſuper duas lineas, quarũ ſitus erit apud ui-
              <lb/>
            ſum in reſpectu rei uiſę contrarius ſitui duarũ linearum primarũ, ſuper quas extêdebãtur duæ for-
              <lb/>
            mæ ad ſuperficiẽ uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s795" xml:space="preserve"> Erit ergo ſitus duorum punctorum ſuperficiei glacialis, ad quæ perueniunt
              <lb/>
            duælformæ contrarius ſitui, duorũ punctorũ, ex quibus ueniunt duæ formæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s796" xml:space="preserve"> Omnes ergo ſormæ,
              <lb/>
            quæ refringũtur ab uno pũcto ſuperſiciei uiſus, perueniũt in ſuperficiẽ glacialis cõuerſæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s797" xml:space="preserve"> Etiterũ
              <lb/>
            forma cuiuslibet pũcti oppoſiti uiſui uenit ad totá ſuperficiẽ uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s798" xml:space="preserve"> ergo refringetur à tota ſuperfi-
              <lb/>
            cie uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s799" xml:space="preserve"> & forma, quæ refringitur à tota ſuperficie uiſus, refringitur ad partẽ alicuius quãtitatis ſu
              <lb/>
            perficiei glacialis, nó ad unũ pũctũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s800" xml:space="preserve"> Quoniá formę refractionis ſi cõcurrerẽt poſt refractionẽ ſuper
              <lb/>
            unũ punctũ, ſecarẽt perpẽdiculares, apud quarũ extremitates reſringebãtur, aut pertrãſirent ipſas,
              <lb/>
            aut exiret forma à ſuperſicie, in qua refringebatur:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s801" xml:space="preserve"> ſed nulla forma refracta occurrit perpẽdiculari,
              <lb/>
            apud cuius extremitatẽ fuerit refracta poſt refractionẽ, neq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s802" xml:space="preserve"> pertrãſit illã, neq, exit à ſuperſicie, in
              <lb/>
            qua fuit reſracta.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s803" xml:space="preserve"> Et omnia iſta maniſeſtãtur per experimẽtationẽ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s804" xml:space="preserve"> Forma ergo unius pũcti rei uiſæ,
              <lb/>
            quæ peruenit in ſuperficiẽ glacialis, poſt refractionẽ nõ erit in uno pũcto, ſed in parte alicuius quã-
              <lb/>
            titatis ſuperficiei glacialis, & nõ erit ſitus formarũ rerũ diuerſarũ uel pũctorũ diuerſorũ ſuperficiei
              <lb/>
            rei uiſæ, quæ perueniũt in ſuperficiẽ glacialis ք refractionẽ inter ſe, ſicut ſitus earũ ſecũdũ ſuũ eſſe
              <lb/>
            in ſuperficiebus rerũ uiſarũ, ſed cótrarius.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s805" xml:space="preserve"> Nulla ergo formarũ refractarũ rerũ uiſarũ peruenientiũ
              <lb/>
            ad ſuperficiẽ glacialis eſt ſecũ dũ ſuũ eſſe in ſuperficieb.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s806" xml:space="preserve"> uiſarũ rerũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s807" xml:space="preserve"> Et iã declaratũ eſt [18 n] quòd
              <lb/>
            formæ uenientes ſuper perpẽdiculares, ordinãtur in ſuperficie glacialis ſecundũ ſuũ eſſe, quoniã
              <lb/>
            extẽduntur rectè à ſuperficiebus rerũ uiſarũ ad ſuperficiẽ glacialis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s808" xml:space="preserve"> Nulla ergo formarũ rerũ uiſarũ
              <lb/>
            uenientiũ ad ſuperficiẽ glacialis ordinatur in ſuperficie glacialis ſecundũ ſuũ eſſe, quod habentin
              <lb/>
            ſuperficiebus rerũ uiſarum, niſi formæ extenſæ ſuper uerticationes perpédiculariũ tãtùm.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s809" xml:space="preserve"> Si ergo
              <lb/>
            ſenſus uiſus rerũ uiſarũ ſit ex form is uenientib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s810" xml:space="preserve"> ad ipſum ex ſuperſiciebus rerũ uiſarũ, nihil cõpre-
              <lb/>
            hendet uiſus ex formis rerũ uiſarũ peruenientibus ad ipſum, niſi ex uerticationibus, quarũ extre-
              <lb/>
            mitates cõcurrunt apud centrũ uiſus tátùm:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s811" xml:space="preserve"> quoniã uiſus nihil cõprehendit ex ſormis rerum uiſa-
              <lb/>
            rum, niſi ordinatum ſecundum ſuum eſſe in ſuperficiebus rerum uiſarum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s812" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div30" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head49" xml:space="preserve" style="it">20. Oculus & ſphæra cryſtallina habent idem centrum. 7 p 3. Idem 12 n.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s813" xml:space="preserve">ET iterũ ſi centrũ uiſus nõ eſt centrũ ſuperficiei glacialis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s814" xml:space="preserve"> lineæ rectæ, quę exeunt à cẽtro ſu-
              <lb/>
            perficiei uiſus, & extẽduntur in foramine uueæ, & perueniũt ad res uiſas, nõ erũt perpẽdicu-
              <lb/>
            lares ſuper ſuperficiẽ glacialis, ſed declinãtes ſuper ipſam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s815" xml:space="preserve"> neq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s816" xml:space="preserve"> ſitus earũ ſuper ſuperficiẽ gla
              <lb/>
            cialis erũt ſitus cõſimiles, niſi una linea tantũ, ſcilicet, quæ trãſit per duo cẽtra.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s817" xml:space="preserve"> Formas ergo uenien
              <lb/>
            tes à ſuperficieb.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s818" xml:space="preserve"> rerũ uiſarũ ad ſuperficiẽ glacialis, nõ poteſt ſentire glacialis, niſi ex uerticationib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s819" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            iſtarũ linearũ tãtùm, ſcilicet quę ſunt perpẽdiculares ſuper ſuperficiẽ uiſus, quę eſt ſuperficies cor-
              <lb/>
            neę:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s820" xml:space="preserve"> quoniã formę, quę ſunt ſuper iſtas քpẽdiculares, tãtùm ſunt ordinatę in ſuperficie glacialis ſe-
              <lb/>
            cundũ ordinationẽ earũ in ſuperficieb, rerũ uiſarũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s821" xml:space="preserve"> Si ergo glacialis cõprehẽditres uiſas ex formis
              <lb/>
            uenientib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s822" xml:space="preserve"> ad ſe, & nõ cõprehendit formã, niſi ex uerticationibus iſtarũ linearũ, & iſtę lineę nõ ſunt
              <lb/>
            perpendiculares ſuper ſuperficiẽ eius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s823" xml:space="preserve"> cõprehendet tũc formas ex uerticationibus, quarũ ſitus à ſu
              <lb/>
            perficie ſua ſunt diuerſi ſitus, & declinãtes ſuper ſuã ſuperficiẽ, & cõprehẽdet formas ex uerticatio-
              <lb/>
            nibus dιuerſorũ ſituũ declinãtibus, & cõprehẽdet oẽs formas refractas ex uerticationib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s824" xml:space="preserve"> diuerſorũ
              <lb/>
            ſituũ apud ſuã ſuperficiẽ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s825" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſi cõprehendit oẽs formas refractas ex uerticationib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s826" xml:space="preserve"> diuerſorũ ſituũ,
              <lb/>
            nihil diſtinguetur ab eo ex rebus uiſis, propter hoc, quod declaratũ fuit ſuperius.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s827" xml:space="preserve"> Et cũ nõ ſit poſsi
              <lb/>
            bile, ut cõprehẽdat formas refractas ex uerticationib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s828" xml:space="preserve"> diuerſorũ ſituũ, nõ eſt poſsibile, ut cõprehen
              <lb/>
            dat formas rerũ uiſarũ ex uerticationib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s829" xml:space="preserve"> linearũ, quę ſunt perpẽdiculares ſuper ſuperficiẽ uiſus, niſi
              <lb/>
            quãdo lineæ fuerint perpẽdiculares ſuper ſuperficiẽ eius, & fuerint ſitus eorũ in ſuperficie cõſimi-
              <lb/>
            les:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s830" xml:space="preserve"> & iſtę lineę nõ erũt perpẽdiculares ſuper ſuperficiẽ ſuã, niſi quãdo cẽtrũ ſuę ſuperficiei, & cẽtrũ
              <lb/>
            ſuperficiei uiſus fuerint idẽ pũctũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s831" xml:space="preserve"> Si ergo ſenſus uiſus rerũ uiſarũ eſt ex formis ueniẽtib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s832" xml:space="preserve"> ad ipſum
              <lb/>
            ex coloribus rerũ uiſarũ, & lucibus earũ, & hoc diſtinctè:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s833" xml:space="preserve"> oportet, ut centrũ ſuperficiei uiſus & cen
              <lb/>
            trũ ſuperficiei glacialis ſit unũ punctũ cõmune, & nihil cõprehẽdat uiſus ex formis rerũ uifarũ, niſi
              <lb/>
            ex uerticationib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s834" xml:space="preserve"> rectarũ linearũ, quarũ extremitates cõcurrũt apud unũ & idẽ pũctũ tãtùm.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s835" xml:space="preserve"> Et nõ
              <lb/>
            eſt impoſsibile, ut duo cẽtra ſint idẽ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s836" xml:space="preserve"> quoniã declaratũ eſt, [6.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s837" xml:space="preserve">8 n] quòd duo cẽtra ſunt ex poſte-
              <lb/>
            riori cẽtro uueę, & ſuper unã lineã rectã trãſeuntẽ per omnia cẽtra.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s838" xml:space="preserve"> Et quoniã nõ eſt impoſsibile, ut
              <lb/>
            duo cẽtra ſint idẽ, & ut lineæ rectæ, quæ exeunt à cẽtris, ſint perpẽdiculares ſuper duas ſuperficies,
              <lb/>
            ſcilicet ſuperficiẽ glacialis, & ſuperficiẽ uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s839" xml:space="preserve"> nõ eſt etiã impoſsibile, ut ſit cõprehẽſio uiſus rerũ ui-
              <lb/>
            ſarũ ex formis uenientib.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s840" xml:space="preserve"> ad ipſum, lucis & coloris, quæ ſunt in ſuperficie rerũ uiſarũ, cũ cõprehen-
              <lb/>
            ſio formarum iſtarũ ſit ex uerticationibus perpendiculariũ tantùm.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s841" xml:space="preserve"> Et illud eſt, utnatura uiſus re-
              <lb/>
            cipiatea, quæ ueniunt ad ſe, ex formis rerum uiſarũ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s842" xml:space="preserve"> & etiam ut ſit natura uiſus infuper appropria-
              <lb/>
            ta, ut non recipiat ea, quæ ueniunt ad ſe ex formis, niſi ex proprijs uerticationibus, non ex omni-
              <lb/>
            </s>
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