Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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[21] p k c z q x y b
[Figure 22]
[Figure 23]
[24] e d f a c b
[25] a s b c
[26] a k f s d m b g c h
[27] a e g c b d h f
[28] a b f g c d n
[29] b a f l g e k h n d c
[30] a b e c f h g r i d m
[31] a b h c
[32] a d b k ſ c
[33] b ſ a u f d c h n g r k s x q p
[34] f d d e r b g c h i p ſ q s n k
[35] f a r d e b g c h p ſ s n k
[36] ſ g d f h b a
[37] a d f t e b
[38] d b c e f g b d
[39] a f b c d e
[40] a f b c d e g
[41] h t a d ſ s g k b e
[42] a b h e d z
[43] b a g q t d z e h
[44] a g b e d z t q h
[45] b g a t z d h
[46] a h b e g p d z n q
[47] h a b e g p d z n q
[48] a h b e g p f d z n q
[49] x e g k z a d
[50] g m h z p b d a k
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      <text xml:lang="lat" type="free">
        <div xml:id="echoid-div45" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1348" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="22" file="0028" n="28" rhead="ALHAZEN"/>
            oculis, dum appropinquant nocumenta oculis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1349" xml:space="preserve"> Cilia autem ſunt ad temperandam quandam par-
              <lb/>
            tem lucis, quando dolebit uiſus propter fortitudinem lucis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1350" xml:space="preserve"> & propter hoc adunat aſpiciens ocu-
              <lb/>
            lum, & conſtringit, ita ut poſsit aſpicere ab anguſto, quando lux fortis nocuerit ei.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1351" xml:space="preserve"> Iſta ergo, quæ di-
              <lb/>
            ximus, ſunt utilitates inſtrumentorum uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1352" xml:space="preserve"> ex quibus manifeſtatur magna diſcretio operatoris.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1353" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Sit ergo nomen eius benedictum, & bonitas præparationis naturæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1354" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div46" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head66" xml:space="preserve">DE IIS SINE QVIBVS VISIO NON PO-
            <lb/>
          teſt compleri. Caput ſeptimum.</head>
          <head xml:id="echoid-head67" xml:space="preserve" style="it">36. Ad uiſionem perſiciendam ſex inprimis neceſſaria ſunt.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1355" xml:space="preserve">IAm ergo declaratum eſt ſuperius, quòd uiſus nihil comprehendit ex rebus uiſis, quæ ſunt cum
              <lb/>
            eo in eodem aere, ita ut comprehenſio earum ab eo non ſit ſecundum refractionem, niſi quãdo
              <lb/>
            aggregatæ fuerint iſtæ res:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1356" xml:space="preserve"> & ſunt, ut ſit inter ea aliquid ſpatij:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1357" xml:space="preserve"> & ſit oppoſita uiſui illa res, ita ut
              <lb/>
            ſit inter quodlibet punctum eius ſuperficiei, quam comprehendit uiſus, & inter aliud punctum ſu-
              <lb/>
            perficiei uiſus, linea recta imaginabilis:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1358" xml:space="preserve"> & ut ſit in ea lux:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1359" xml:space="preserve"> & ut ſit corpus eius aliquãtulum, in reſpe-
              <lb/>
            ctu uirtutis ſenſus uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1360" xml:space="preserve"> & ut ſit aer medius diaphanus, cõtinuæ diaphanitatis, & nõ ſit in eo alιud
              <lb/>
            corpus non diaphanum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1361" xml:space="preserve"> & ut ſit res uiſa reſiſtens uiſui, ſcilicet ut non ſit in ea diaphanitas, aut ſi ſit,
              <lb/>
            ſit ſpiſsior diaphanitate aeris medij inter ipſam & uiſum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1362" xml:space="preserve"> Viſus autem non comprehendet rem ui-
              <lb/>
            ſam, niſi quando aggregabuntur iſtæ ſex intentiones:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1363" xml:space="preserve"> & ſi res uiſa caruerit una iſtarum intentionũ,
              <lb/>
            non comprehendetur à uiſu.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1364" xml:space="preserve"> Indigentia autem uiſus ab unaquaque iſtarum intentionum, non eſt
              <lb/>
            niſi propter aliquam cauſſam.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1365" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div47" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head68" xml:space="preserve" style="it">37. Diſt antia inter uiſum & uiſibile. 15 p 3.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1366" xml:space="preserve">QVare ergo non comprehendat uiſus rem uiſam, niſi quando inter ea fuerit diſtantia aliqua,
              <lb/>
            & non comprehendatipſam, quando applicatur ei, eſt propter duas cauſſas.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1367" xml:space="preserve"> Quarum una
              <lb/>
            eſt, quia uiſus non comprehendit rem uiſam, niſi quando in ea fuerit lux aliqua, [per 3 n] &
              <lb/>
            quando fuerit applicata uiſui, & non fuerit illuminata per ſe, non erit in ſua ſuperficie uicinante ui-
              <lb/>
            ſui lux:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1368" xml:space="preserve"> quoniã corpus oculi ſecundũ ſitum ſuum tunc prohibetur à uiſu.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1369" xml:space="preserve"> Res autẽ luminoſæ per ſe
              <lb/>
            non poſſunt applicari ſuperſiciei uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1370" xml:space="preserve"> quoniam res illumιnatæ per ſe ſunt ſtellæ, & ignis, quæ non
              <lb/>
            poſſunt applicari ſuperficiei uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1371" xml:space="preserve"> Cauſſa autem ſecunda eſt, quia uiſio nõ fit, niſi ex parte oppoſita
              <lb/>
            foramini uueæ ex medio ſuperficiei uiſus [per 4 n] & ſi res uiſa applicetur uiſui, nõ ſuperponetur
              <lb/>
            iſti parti uiſui, niſi pars æqualis illi tantùm ex re uiſa:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1372" xml:space="preserve"> & ſi uiſus comprehenderet rem uiſam per ap-
              <lb/>
            plicationem, non comprehenderet, niſi partem applicatam parti oppoſitæ foramini tantùm, & non
              <lb/>
            comprehenderet reſiduum rei uiſæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1373" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſi moueatur res uiſa ſuper ſuperficiem uiſus, quouſq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1374" xml:space="preserve"> cõtin-
              <lb/>
            gat totam ſuperficiem rei uiſæ ſecundũ partem mediam uiſus, comprehendet partem poſt partem
              <lb/>
            aliam, & dum comprehendet partem ſecundam non comprehendet partem primam:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1375" xml:space="preserve"> & ſic non po
              <lb/>
            terit comprehendere totam rem uiſam ſimul.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1376" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum ita ſit, non figurabitur in eo forma rei uiſæ:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1377" xml:space="preserve"> ita
              <lb/>
            ut ſi aliqua res uiſa eſſet ſuper corpus denſum, & eſſet in illo corpore denſo foramen minoris quan-
              <lb/>
            titatis re uiſa, & res uiſa eſſet applicata foramini, non comprehẽderet ex ea, niſi partem ſuppoſitam
              <lb/>
            foramini tantùm:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1378" xml:space="preserve"> deinde ſi res uiſa moueatur ſuper foramen, quouſq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1379" xml:space="preserve"> comprehendatur à uiſu pars
              <lb/>
            poſt aliam, non figuratur in uiſu tota forma eius.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1380" xml:space="preserve"> Si ergo uiſio eſſet per tactum, nõ comprehenderet
              <lb/>
            uiſus totam rem uiſam, neq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1381" xml:space="preserve"> figuram & formam eius, niſi eſſet res uiſa æqualis parti mediæ ſuperfi-
              <lb/>
            ciei uiſus, per quam erit uiſio:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1382" xml:space="preserve"> neq;</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1383" xml:space="preserve"> etiam ſic poteſt comprehẽdere multas res uiſas in eodem tem-
              <lb/>
            pore.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1384" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum inter uiſum & rem uiſam fuerit aliquod ſpatium, poterit rem uiſam comprehẽdere in
              <lb/>
            eodem tempore totam ex parte parua, quamuis ſit res uiſa magna:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1385" xml:space="preserve"> & poteſt comprehẽdere res ui-
              <lb/>
            ſas multas ſimul in eodem tempore:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1386" xml:space="preserve"> & cum res uiſa fuerit remota à uiſu, erit poſsibile oriri lucem
              <lb/>
            ſuper ſuperficiem uiſus oppoſitam uiſui.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1387" xml:space="preserve"> Propter iſtas igitur duas cauſſas non comprehendit uiſus
              <lb/>
            quicquam ex rebus uiſibilibus, niſi ſit inter ea aliquod ſpatium.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1388" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div48" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head69" xml:space="preserve" style="it">38. Collocatio uiſibilis ante uiſum directa. 2 p 3.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1389" xml:space="preserve">QVare uerò non comprehendat uiſus rem uiſam, quæ eſt cum eo in eodem aere, & in parte
              <lb/>
            oppoſita illi, niſi ſit inter quodlibet punctum eius, & aliquod punctũ partis ſuperficiei ui-
              <lb/>
            ſus, per quam erit uiſio, linea recta:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1390" xml:space="preserve"> eſt:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1391" xml:space="preserve"> quia declaratum eſt, quòd uiſio non ſit, niſi ex formis
              <lb/>
            uenientibus à re uiſa ad uiſum, & quòd formæ non comprehendantur, niſi ſecundum lineas rectas:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1392" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            [per 14 n] & propter hanc cauſſam non comprehendit uiſus rem, niſi ſit inter ea linea recta.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1393" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſi ſe-
              <lb/>
            cuerint corpora denſa media omnes lineas, quæ ſunt inter ea, latebunt res uiſæ uiſum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1394" xml:space="preserve"> & ſi ſecuerit
              <lb/>
            illud corpus quaſdam illarum linearum rectarum, latebit uiſum quædam pars, quæ eſt apud extre-
              <lb/>
            mitatem linearum reſectarum per corpus denſum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1395" xml:space="preserve"/>
          </p>
        </div>
        <div xml:id="echoid-div49" type="section" level="0" n="0">
          <head xml:id="echoid-head70" xml:space="preserve" style="it">39. Lux. 1 p 3.</head>
          <p>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1396" xml:space="preserve">QVare uerò uiſus nõ cõprehendat rẽ uiſam, niſi ſit in ea lux, eſt ꝓpter duas cauſſas:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1397" xml:space="preserve"> aut ꝗafor
              <lb/>
            mæ uiſæ nõ extẽdũtur in aere, niſi ſit lux cũ colore, [ք 3 n] aut ꝗa forma coloris extẽditur in
              <lb/>
            aere, quamuis nõ ſit cũ ea lux:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1398" xml:space="preserve"> ſed nõ operatur in uiſum operatione ſenſibili, niſi per lucẽ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1399" xml:space="preserve"> Et
              <lb/>
            manifeſtũ eſt, quod forma lucis manifeſtior eſt, forma coloris, & quòd lux oքatur oքatione manife
              <lb/>
            ſtiore:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1400" xml:space="preserve"> & quòd forma coloris, ꝗa eſt debilis, nõ poteſt operari in uiſum, ſicut operatur lux.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s1401" xml:space="preserve"> Et forma
              <lb/>
            </s>
          </p>
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