Ibn-al-Haitam, al-Hasan Ibn-al-Hasan; Witelo; Risner, Friedrich, Opticae thesavrvs Alhazeni Arabis libri septem, nunc primùm editi. Eivsdem liber De Crepvscvlis & Nubium ascensionibus. Item Vitellonis Thuvringopoloni Libri X. Omnes instaurati, figuris illustrati & aucti, adiectis etiam in Alhazenum commentarijs, a Federico Risnero, 1572

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            <s xml:id="echoid-s18704" xml:space="preserve">
              <pb o="269" file="0275" n="275" rhead="OPTICAE LIBER VII."/>
            le non ſentit formas, niſi ex rectitudine linearum perpendicularium ſuper ſuperficiem ipſius tan-
              <lb/>
            tùm.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18705" xml:space="preserve"> Quare tranſeunt formæ uiſibilium, nec ad miſcentur apud ipſum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18706" xml:space="preserve"> In hoc uerò tractatu mõſtra-
              <lb/>
            uimus, quòd form æ refractę nunquam comprehenduntur, niſi in perpendicularibus exeuntibus à
              <lb/>
            uiſibilibus ſuper ſuperficies corporum diaphanorũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18707" xml:space="preserve"> Er go formæ refractæ in tunicis uiſus nõ com-
              <lb/>
            prehen duntur à uiſu, niſi in perpendicularibus exeuntibus à uiſibilibus ſuper ſuperficies tunicarũ
              <lb/>
            uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18708" xml:space="preserve"> & hæ perpendiculares lineæ ſunt exeuntes à centro uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18709" xml:space="preserve"> Formæ ergo omnes refractę in tu-
              <lb/>
            nicis uiſus comprehendũtur à uiſu in rectitudine linearum exeuntium à centro uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18710" xml:space="preserve"> Formæ ergo
              <lb/>
            omnium uiſibilium, quæ opponuntur parti ſuperficiei uiſus, quę opponitur foramini uueæ, & exi-
              <lb/>
            ſtũt in hac parte ſuperficiei uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18711" xml:space="preserve"> refringũtur in diaphanitate tunicarũ uiſus, & perueniũt ad mem
              <lb/>
            brũ ſenſibile, quòd eſt humor glacialis, & cõprehenduntur à uirtute ſenſibili per lineas rectas, quę
              <lb/>
            cõtinuãt centrũ uiſus cũ ipſis uiſibilibus, ſcilicet quòd forma cuiuslibet pũcti cuiuslibet uiſi, oppo
              <lb/>
            ſiti ſuperficiei uiſus, quæ opponitur foramini uueæ, exiſtit in uniuerſo ſuperficiei huius partis, &
              <lb/>
            refringitur à tota ſuperficie, & peruenit ad humorem glacialem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18712" xml:space="preserve"> & tũc ille humor ſentit formam ad
              <lb/>
            ſe uenientem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18713" xml:space="preserve"> & uirtus ſenſibilis comprehendit omnia, quæ perueniunt ad glacialem ex forma ui-
              <lb/>
            ſus pũcti ſuper unam lineam continuantem centrũ uiſus cũ illo puncto.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18714" xml:space="preserve"> Hoc ergo modo compre-
              <lb/>
            hẽdit uiſus omnia uiſibilia.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18715" xml:space="preserve"> In hoc autem capitulo diximus, quòd eorũ, quæ opponũtur ſuperficiei
              <lb/>
            uiſus, alia ſunt intra pyramidem, & alia extra:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18716" xml:space="preserve"> & cũ dico ſuperficiem uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18717" xml:space="preserve"> intelligere oportet nunc
              <lb/>
            & ammodo partem oppoſitam ſuperficiei uueæ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18718" xml:space="preserve"> Viſibilia ergo, quæ ſunt intra pyramidem radialẽ,
              <lb/>
            comprehendũtur à uiſu ex rectitudine linearũ radialiũ rectè, ex formis eorũ, quæ extendũtur ad ui
              <lb/>
            ſum in rectitudine harũ linearũ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18719" xml:space="preserve"> Et hæ lineæ ſunt perpendiculares, quę exeunt à pũctis uiſibilibus,
              <lb/>
            quæ ſunt intra pyramidem ſuper ſuperficies tunicarũ uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18720" xml:space="preserve"> illa autem, quæ ſunt extra pyramidem
              <lb/>
            radialẽ, cõprehendũtur à uiſu ex formis refractis, & in rectitudine linearũ exeuntiũ à centro uiſus,
              <lb/>
            exiſtentiũ extra pyramidẽ radialẽ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18721" xml:space="preserve"> Et hæ lineæ, quæ ſunt extra pyramidẽ radialẽ, poſſunt etiam di
              <lb/>
            ci lineæ radiales tranſſumptiuè:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18722" xml:space="preserve"> aſsimilantur enim lineis radialibus in eo, quòd exeunt à cẽtro ui-
              <lb/>
            ſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18723" xml:space="preserve"> Reſtat ergo declarare per experientiam, quòd uiſus comprehẽdit ea, quę ſunt extra pyramidẽ
              <lb/>
            radialem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18724" xml:space="preserve"> Dicimus ergo, quòd manifeſtũ eſt, quòd lachrymalia, & ea, quæ continẽt circulum, ſunt
              <lb/>
            extra pyramidem, cuius caput centrũ uiſus eſt, & cuius baſis eſt circũferẽtia foraminis uueæ, quod
              <lb/>
            eſt paruũ foramẽ in medio nigredinis oculi.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18725" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſi aliquis ſump ſerit acũ ſubtilem gracilem, & poſue-
              <lb/>
            rit extremitatẽ eius in poſtremo oculi, & inter palpebras, & quieuerit uiſus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18726" xml:space="preserve"> tũc uidebit extremita-
              <lb/>
            tem eius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18727" xml:space="preserve"> & ſimiliter ſi poſuerit extremitatẽ acus in lachrymali, & ſi miſerit illã in oculo, & applica-
              <lb/>
            uerit extremitatem in latere nigredinis oculi aut prope, uidebit extremitatem acus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18728" xml:space="preserve"> Item omnia,
              <lb/>
            quæ æquidiſtant ſuperficiei rei uifæ, ex locis continentibus uifum, ſunt extra pyramidem radialẽ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18729" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            Et cum dico loca continẽtia uiſum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18730" xml:space="preserve"> intelligo illa, à quibus lineæ exeuntes ad mediũ ſuperficiei ui-
              <lb/>
            ſus, ſecant axem pyramidis radialis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18731" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſi homo erexeritindicem ſuum exparte ſuæ faciei & pro-
              <lb/>
            pe palpebram:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18732" xml:space="preserve"> uidebit indicem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18733" xml:space="preserve"> Et ſimiliter ſi applicauerit indicem cum inferiore palpebra, ita.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18734" xml:space="preserve">
              <lb/>
            ut ſuperior ſuperficies eius indicis ſit æquidiſtans ſuperficiei uiſus, quantùm ad ſenſum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18735" xml:space="preserve"> uidebit
              <lb/>
            ſuperficiem indicis.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18736" xml:space="preserve"> Sed omnia iſta loca ſunt extra pyramidem radialem:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18737" xml:space="preserve"> & hoc patebit.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18738" xml:space="preserve"> Nam py-
              <lb/>
            ramis radialis, quam continet foramẽ uueæ, eſt ualde ſubtilis, & extenditur rectè, & pyramidalitas
              <lb/>
            eius non eſt ampla:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18739" xml:space="preserve"> unde nihil ex ipſa peruenit ad loca, quæ circundant oculum, & appropinquant
              <lb/>
            corpori oculi, et æquidiſtant ſuperficiei oculi:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18740" xml:space="preserve"> & inter omnia loca continentia oculum, & æquidi-
              <lb/>
            ſtantia ſuperficiei uiſus, & inter ſuperficiem uiſus, ſunt lineæ rectæ, propter refractionẽ earũ à cor-
              <lb/>
            poribus denſis, cum aer, qui eſt inter ipſa & ſuperficiem uiſus, fuerit continuus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18741" xml:space="preserve"> tunc forma horum
              <lb/>
            uiſibilium peruenit ad ſuperficiem uiſus ſuper has lineas, quæ ſunt extra pyramidem.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18742" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum hæc
              <lb/>
            forma perueniat ad uiſum non per lineas radiales, & tamen comprehendatur à uiſu:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18743" xml:space="preserve"> patet, quòd ui-
              <lb/>
            ſus comprehendat illam refractè.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18744" xml:space="preserve"> Ex hac ergo experientia patet, quòd uiſus comprehendit multa
              <lb/>
            eorum, quę ſunt extra pyramidem radialem, refractè.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18745" xml:space="preserve"> Inductione autem poſſumus oſtendere, quòd
              <lb/>
            uiſus comprehendit illa, quæ ſunt intra pyramidem radialem, refractè, cum hoc, quod comprehen-
              <lb/>
            dit illa rectè, hoc modo.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18746" xml:space="preserve"> Accipias acum ſubtilem, & ſedeas in loco oppoſito albo parieti, & coope-
              <lb/>
            rias alterum oculorum, & ponas acũ in oppoſitione alterius oculi, & facias acum appropinquare,
              <lb/>
            ita ut applicetur palpebræ, & ponas acum in oppoſitione medij uiſus, & aſpicias parietem oppoſi-
              <lb/>
            tum:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18747" xml:space="preserve"> tunc enim uidebis acum, quaſi corpus diaphanum, in quo eſt aliquantula denſitas:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18748" xml:space="preserve"> & uidebis
              <lb/>
            quicquid eſt ultra acum ex pariete, & apud acum quaſi corpus latum, cuius latitudo eſt multiplex
              <lb/>
            ad latitudinem acus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18749" xml:space="preserve"> Cauſſa autem huius in ſecundo tractatu declarata eſt:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18750" xml:space="preserve"> ſcilicet quòd ſi res uiſi-
              <lb/>
            bilis fuerit multùm propinqua uiſui:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18751" xml:space="preserve"> uidebitur maior, quàm ſit:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18752" xml:space="preserve"> & quantò magis fuerit propinqua,
              <lb/>
            tantò magis uidebitur maior.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18753" xml:space="preserve"> Diaphanitas autem eius eſt, quia uiſus comprehendit quicquid eſt
              <lb/>
            ultrà:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18754" xml:space="preserve"> acus autem eſt corpus denſum cooperiens, quod eſt ultrà:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18755" xml:space="preserve"> & quia acus eſt ualde propinqua
              <lb/>
            uiſui:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18756" xml:space="preserve"> ideo cooperuit de pariete multiplex ad ſuam latitudinẽ.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18757" xml:space="preserve"> Baſis enim pyramidis (cuius caput
              <lb/>
            eſt centrum uiſus, & baſis eſt altitudo acus) erit multiplex ad latitudinem acus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18758" xml:space="preserve"> & cum hoc, uiſus
              <lb/>
            comprehendit quicquid eſt ultra acum, nec cooperitur à uiſu aliquid de pariete, ſed comprehen-
              <lb/>
            dit quod eſt ultrà, quaſi ultra corpus diaphanum.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18759" xml:space="preserve"> Et cum acus fuerit oppoſita medio uiſui:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18760" xml:space="preserve"> tunc nõ
              <lb/>
            cooperiet totam ſuperficiem uiſus, propter ſubtilitatem eius, ſed aliquam partem, quanta eſt lati-
              <lb/>
            tu do eius:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18761" xml:space="preserve"> & remanet ex ſuperficie uiſus aliquid à lateribus acus:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18762" xml:space="preserve"> & exit forma cius ad illud, quod
              <lb/>
            eſt à lateribus acus de ſuperficie uiſus.</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18763" xml:space="preserve"> Forma autem exiens ad acum, nũquam perueniet ad uiſum,
              <lb/>
            nec comprehendetur ab ipſo:</s>
            <s xml:id="echoid-s18764" xml:space="preserve"> forma autem, quæ peruenit ad latera ſuperficiei uiſus, refringitur ad
              <lb/>
            </s>
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